Line-of-sight optical communication channels are characterized by the high data rate, but they cannot provide stable data transmission in the presence of obstacles in the communication line. Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical communication is free of this shortcoming and can be multicast. We have created an optical-electronic system for NLOS communication at a wavelength λ=850 nm. It is shown that in the evening, NLOS communication is possible at a baseline distance of 75 m and receiver azimuth angles 0-40° with the symbol error rate no higher than 0.009. At a baseline distance of 1300 m and receiver azimuth angles of 0 5°, NLOS communication with the symbol error rate no higher than 0.236 is possible.
Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) atmospheric optical communication between an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a ground-based receiver is analyzed The experiments were conducted in nighttime at a wavelength λ = 450 nm with baseline distances up to 150 m and UAV altitudes up to 20 m. It is shown that if the altitude of UAV with a transmitter is 10 m, stable optical communication is possible with the symbol error rate no higher than 0.0002 at baseline distances up to 75 m. If the UAV altitude is 20 m, communication is possible with the symbol error rate of 0.015-0.031 at baseline distances up to 100 m.
In the report, the review of works carried out in Russia and devoted to experimental and theoretical investigations of nonline- of-sight optical communication in air and water environments is presented. The main results of field, laboratory, and numerical experiments in the visible and UV wavelength ranges are given. In the laboratory experiments, a water-glycerin mixture and atmospheric air were used. In the field experiments, communication was carried out in the surface layer of the atmosphere and in artificial and natural water reservoirs (including through ice). Investigations were carried out for coplanar and non-coplanar schemes of communication channels.
The results of field experiments on atmospheric optical communication based on scattered laser radiation in the UV range are reported and briefly discussed. In addition, the effect of the ozone concentration on the probability of receiving error symbols is estimated. The characteristics of the transmit/receive equipment used in the experiments and the experimental results obtained with this equipment in daytime at a wavelength λ=255 nm are presented. The stable communication at a baseline distance of 1.3 km in the presence of precipitation in the form of rain and at the high concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere was obtained. A strong positive correlation between the ozone concentration and the symbol-error probability was found.
Results of field and laboratory experiments on optical communication based on scattered radiation underwater and in air are analyzed in the present work. The feasibility of implementation of the communication with through the ice interface with an underwater source has been confirmed. It has been shown that transition from the coplanar to the non-coplanar communication scheme leads to a nonlinear growth of the communication errors.
Results of outdoor experiments on atmospheric optical communication on scattered radiation are presented in the work. It has been established that in the daytime, the stable communication is possible for a baseline distance of 1.3 km at a wavelength of 255 nm. It has been shown that snowfall influences significantly on the communication quality in the UV range.
Results of theoretical and experimental investigations of NLOS communication systems in the atmosphere, under water, and in mixed media based on publications of authors from China, Canada, Greece, the USA, Great Britain, Russia and other countries are discussed in the present work. The theory of radiative transfer and the linear systems theory provide the basis for theoretical research.
Results of theoretical and experimental investigations into problems of underwater optical communication on scattered laser radiation in the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) are discussed. Theoretical investigations of bistatic communication channels are carried out by statistical simulation of the process of signal propagation from a source to a receiver by the Monte Carlo method. Experiments were carried out under field conditions with different characteristics of radiation sources and receivers, orientations of their optical axes, and immersion depths in water. Ranges of action, probabilities of communication errors, and their SD estimated for winter and spring-and-summer seasons are presented.
Previous and new results obtained at the IAO SB RAS on problems of optical communication on scattered laser radiation in the UV wavelength range are discussed in the report. Examples of implementation of optical communication in field experiments at night and in the daytime are presented.
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