Non destructive testing method, allowing defining a residual resource of power details of mechanical engineering designs under the analysis of registered speckle-image parameters, it is discussed. The "chessboard" algorithm based on calculation of correlation between the given speckle-image and a chessboard image is considered. Experimental research results of an offered non destructive testing method are presented. It is established, that to increase in quantity of a power detail tests cycles there is an increase in roughness parameters that conducts to reduction of correlation factor between reference and to resultants the image at the given stage of test. Knowing of correlation factor change dynamics, it is possible to define a residual resource of power details while in exploitation.
A laser photomodifacation of nutrient mediums and antibiotics results at the microbiological supervision of bacteria colonies growth are discussed. It is experimentally shown, that on the irradiated media there is a delay of bacterial colonies growth number. Influence of laser radiation on activity of an antibiotic also is experimentally studied. It is revealed, that laser photomodifacation increases antimicrobic activity of a preparation. The mechanism of biological solutions activation is connected with the phenomenon laser nanoclusterization. Parameters of bacteria growth bacteria growth dynamics allow to numerically estimate degree of laser activation of nutrient mediums and pharmaceutical preparations.
A method for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of protein solutions structural change by means of crystallograms is discussed. It was experimentally shown that the laser irradiation causes a reduction in the cluster characteristic size of protein in the solution and the changes in the structure depend on the total radiation energy and on the wavelength.
The results of an experimental study of the laser radiation effect on the crystal`s formation in the volume of biological fluids that are complex multi-component solutions have been discussing. Are investigated white and natural bile in vitro. The qualitative changes were observed. Thus, at the bottom of the cell in which bile is not exposed to the laser radiation, the crystals are formed. In the irradiated bile gallstone has a thin layer of a homogeneous viscous colloidal liquid with very small, visible in polarized light crystalline formations was got. Irradiated laser bile’s gallstone was covered evenly white deposit without surface defect unlike gallstone in bile without radiation exposure. A possible mechanism to explain the laser radiation action on the mineral formation in biological fluids and also practical application of this effect have been suggesting too.
A craquelure structure of protein film as indicator of macromolecule state is discussing. Craquelure is a network of fine cracks or crackles on the surface of a painting, caused chiefly by shrinkage of paint film or varnish. The actions of laser radiation in the red and green spectral region on the protein film craquelure structure by the example of albumin are considering. It is experimentally shown that after drying the protein layer a craquelure pattern (variety of cracks in the layer) is formed with the parameters strongly modified by the laser action and depending on the time (energy density) of exposure. The threshold energy of laser action is defined; it does not depend on wavelength significantly.
A computer holography is the optical hologram recording on the CCD-matrix with digital reconstruction of the 2Dimages
for the different volume object cross-sections. The possibility to use compact semiconductor laser diodes in the
computer holography for 3D-scene registration is experimentally proved in the D. Gabor's scheme. For off axis
hologram recording the S. Benton's scheme for holography using is suggested.
A digital phase manipulation for images processing on the algorithm similar to the optical Foucault knife considers by
means of computer modeling method. The images quality preservation at decomposition in Walsh-Hadamard and Haar
spectrum was investigated. It is shown, that Foucault knife for the digital image can be simulated on the basis of
calculations in real numbers space. In this case there is a possibility to select the image contours, too.
The discrete system mathematical model with casual chaotic structure for algorithms synthesis to radar-tracking coherent
and noncoherent images of spreading surface is investigated. Discrete systems with casual chaotic structure are
understood observably in the discrete moments of time as stochastic dynamic systems which structure has final number
of possible conditions, varied each other at the casual moments of time. Radar images processing (segmentation) by two
new algorithms in remote distance problems applications are discussed.
The gel-colloidal dichromated gelatin emulsions properties doped by different multyatoms spirits are investigated. The
highest diffraction efficiency results turn out at use isopropanol spirit (IPS) for dichromated gelatin (DG) gel. Influence
of the IPS on holographic properties of such layers is investigated. Optimum IPS concentration depends on gelatin
concentration and makes 5 vol % for 3 % gelatin water emulsion and 10 vol % for 10 % gelatin one. Optimum IPS
concentration is approximately 100 % on dry gelatin weight. DG gel with IPS photoreaction speed is increased in 5-6
times in comparison with a layer without spirit and done approximately identical to layers with glycerin.
The design sophistication of optical instruments with low level instrumental (including diffraction) scattered illumination is very interesting not only for solar asrophysics. The construction of a laboratory installation for measuring intensity of a diffractio-swcattered illumination in a shadow of darkening system of a coronagraph with an exterior eclipse surveyed is described. The method of measuring, permitting to minimize influecing of a light, scattered from interior surfaces of installation is offered. Measuring of intensity of a diffraction-scattered illumination in a shadow of the single disk with different lateral views of edge is conducted. From the obtained experimental data follows that the change of the shape of scattering edge of exterior darkening system can essentially reduce intensity of a diffraction-scattered illumination in the field of an entrance pupil of an external occulted coronagraph.
The mechanism and properties of laser hardening and surfacing of constructional steels and color aviation alloys are discussed. Laws of formation surfacing layer are investigated at restoration of the worn out steel surfaces. At optimum modes of laser processing essential increase of wear resistance and operational properties of color alloys and steels is revealed, both at them laser hardening and at restoration. It is established, that coupled surfaces of different details have the greatest wear resistance later laser hardening. Laser hardening and surfacing influence laser is investigated at mutual processing coupled surfaces in units of a sliding friction on an example of bearings of sliding in a combination "steel-bronze".
The effect of the periodic object image self-restoration in Talbot's planes was experimentally studied. Comparative investigation of the image parameters in paraxial area and in side lobes of diffraction is made. The images in side lobes have more high resistance against damages of an initial object it is proved. On the basis of these investigations, mechanisms which influence to deterioration of images in paraxial area and in side lobes are offered.
Advanced achievements in holographic and speckle interferometry, physics of solid-state lasers, digital recording and image processing have created real precondistions for a rising of holographic methods of diagnostics to qualitatively new level. In the present work the general concept of universal holographic system for nondestructive researches in industrial environment is considered and results of tests of some units of this equipment are presented.
The opportunity of diagnostics and defects type the analysis in the optical fiber communication line is examined with the help optical reflectometer with processing a signal on the algorithms based on the radar imagery theory. Organization principles of the reflectometer measurements for detection and identification both local, and the distributed optical fiber defects are developed. Mathematical fiber lines defects models and probable mechanisms of their occurrence are discussed. The data about the real defects arising at fiber-optical communication lines exploitation are discussed too.
Holographic recording medium on basis of dichromated gelatin layers is example of complex nonlinear system. Layers optical parameters such as diffracted efficiency or modulation transfer function are nonlinear in the time or energy dependence under constant intensity of laser irradiation. To research latent image optical parameter behavior we have to divide our systems to same subsystems, each of them works on own frequency and give the contribution to general dynamics of a system. This paper is devoted to using of wavelet-analysis to reveal frequency - temporary characteristics. Similar analyses allow selecting main parameters of subsystem and to control of systems dynamics in order to achieve certain results.
KEYWORDS: Control systems, Mathematical modeling, Control systems design, Differential equations, Computing systems, Systems modeling, Lead, Defense and security, Distortion, Ranging
In article the multilevel hierarchical control system is considered. There is a necessity of replacement or updating of elements of the given system periodically. For realization of an estimation of expediency of such actions the mathematical model of an adaptive hierarchical control system is developed. This model is a system of the kinetic differential equations of the second sort with saturation. Researches of dynamics of the answer of a control system on external influences such as threats or noise are lead.
It is shown, that the structure of the arising self-images is connected both with the presence of local cross nonuniformities of a field within the limits of one space period of structure, and with nonlocalized influence on field of all aperture of an object or optical system. The phenomenon of a self-imaging of the images of periodic object (Talbot effect) in essentially nonparaxial area of a diffraction is experimentally ivnestigated. Transformations of periodic fields of an optical range for optical processing of the two-dimensional images are offered and investigated. It is shown, that a choice of various geometry of the optical scheme for synthesis of the periodic object images in the nonzero diffraction orders, permits to execute the two-dimentional image transformation to one-dimensional and on the contrary. Method of formation of the periodic objects images in nonzero diffraction orders is offered and investigated, which can form the basis for systems of images multiplication.
Dichromated gelatin (DG) is widely used in holography with traditional water developing technique, but it is possible to use one as the real time recording media under the hot vapor developing as well as the self-developing DG-modification. The absence of post-exposure processing allows to use it for in-situ experiments. The recorded holgoram is the result of conformational changes in the structure of a gelatin system. It is the result of hierarchy of sequential structural gelatin macromolecules modifications. Characteristics of these processes can be effectively controlled at the levels of the primary (the chemical composition of emulsion) and ternary (coil-globule transitions for the entire macromolecule) structures of the SD DG system. We analyzed the influence of IR laser annealing and/or special highly hardened gelatin sublayer on the gelatination acceleration and resulting diffraction efficiency of layers with thickness more than 1 mm. The properties of non-classical new version of DG systems are discussed.
It is offered to use the methods of the optical superresolution based on the redistibution of spatial, temporal and polarization degrees of freedom of the optical image conception for the holograms protection against a falcification. On an example of optical synthesis of the aperture (OSA) at recording of the Fourier holograms the principles and possibilities superresolving methods of coding are discussed. The peculiarities of the method OSA associated with appearances of the self-image of periodic coherent fields (Talbot's effect) are considered.
Victor Vorobyev, Nataly Soboleva, Oleg Vitrik, Yana Vitrik, Michel Guserv, Murat Bukayev, Igor Alexeenko, Elena Kuzmina, Alexander Malov, Serge Antonyuk, Yury Vigovsky, Vasily Levit, Nataly Qutyakova, Sergey Malov
The results of the mathematical calculations for the tooth bridge prostheses are discussed. Holographic interferometry with double exposition is used for verification of the model calculation results. This method may be used to define the safety degree and the quality of the implant and besides, the dentures influence on the bone tissue. There were given the results of the experimental work on different kinds of implants and the way they can be inserted into the jaw.
The method of the qualitative bioliquids testing of chemical agents on their crystallographic by way of transformation of analog information contained in a crystallographic image in the digital form with the help of the Fourier optics methods and to process by standard methods of mathematical statistics is discussed. Experimentally with the help of correlator of a Vander Lugt it is possible to translate analog information contained in an image of a crystallogram into digital form. That chosen by us is informational - important elements had a narow band of spatial frequencies therefore it was possible to achieve invariance to a turn. For reaching invariance to a scale it is necessary to include into the scheme of a correlator a binary filter which would realize transformation of a Mellin. With its help it is possible to receive additional information about sizes of informational - significant elements, that is of interest for testing of crystallograms.
The gelling kinetics of the self-developing dichromated gelatin layers sensitized by dye methylene blue is investigated. It is shown, that glycerol in given system is not only plasticizer, as increments number of intermolecular links with macromolecules of gelatin. On base of polarographic and holographic examinations the optimal relatin of glycerol and gelatin in system is chosen. The glycerol adding in gelatin decreases velocity of achievement of the maximum diffraction efficiency.
The memory system based on the Seebeck effect in polymorphous alloys with constant chemical composition is proposed. The physical mechanism for the operating regime of the thermogalvanic digital data storing device is discussed. Construction realization of such system is considered too.
The exterior loading influecne on the optical fiber cable properties discussed. Is shown, that the big extent of the optical fiber transmission lines (OFTL) on Russia it is possible to create at presence of a particular theoretical and experimental material on the OFTL operation on the basis of already existing lines the original spatially distributed network of physical quantities sensors. The fundamental possibility of realizing of the similar concepts is verified by the experience of the OFTL operation by the Rostelecom and Irkutskenergo companies.
Victor Vorobyev, Oleg Vitrik, Mikhail Gusev, Murat Bukayev, Alexander Malov, Igor Alexeenko, Elena Kuzmina, Nataly Soboleva, Yana Vitrik, Yury Vigovsky, Vasily Levit, Nataly Qutyakova, Sergey Malov, Serge Antonyuk
The results of the mathematical calculations for the tooth bridge prostheses are discussed. Holographic interferometry with double exposition is used for verification of the model calculation results.
KEYWORDS: Interfaces, Data storage, Analog electronics, Digital recording, Annealing, Crystals, Temperature metrology, Thin films, Lithium, Binary data
The memory system based on the Seebeck effect in polymorphous alloys with constant chemical composition is proposed. The physical mechanism for the operating regime of the thermogalvanic digital data storing device is discussed. Construction realization of such system is considered too.
Theoretical and experimental aspects of frequency-bounded vibration investigations were observed. It was shown, that stroboscopic holography has an advantage in comparison with other ones. Digital calculation shows that the result depends on accuracy of setting the phases of stobe pulses. Thus, it is necessary to apply very precise driver for the creation of laser pulses in needed phases. Experimetnal set-up for stroboscopic holographic investigation of obunded vibration by using continue-wave laser was described. Experimental investigations have shown that stroboscopic technique allows to separate different mode-shapes vibrating simultaneously. Pulse laser and digital holographic technique was applied to frequency-bounded vibrational investigations as well. The results of digital evaluations of separated mode-shapes were presented.
It is offered to use the methods of the optical superresolution based on the redistribution of spatial, temporal and polarization degrees of freedom of the optical image conception for the holograms protection against a falcification. On an example of optical synthesis of the aperture (OSA) at recording of the Fourier holograms the principles and possibilities superresolving methods of coding are discussed. The peculiarities of the method OSA associated with appearances of the self-image of periodic coherent fields (Talbot's effect) are considered.
Dichromated gelatin (DG) is widely used in holography with traditional water developing technique, but it is possible to use one as the real time recording media under the hot vapor developing as well as the self developing DG-modification. The absence of postexposure processing allows to use it for in-situ experiments. The recorded hologram is the result of conformational changes in the structure of a gelatin system. It is the result of hierarchy of sequential structural gelatin marcomolecules modifications. Characteristics of these processes can be effectively controlled at the levels of the primary (the chemical composition of emulsion) and ternary (coil-globule transitions for the entire macromolecule) structures of the SD DG system. We analyzed the influence of IR laser annealing and/or special highly hardened gelatin sublayer on the gelatination acceleration and resulting diffraction efficiency of layers with thickness more than 1 mm. The properties of non-classical new version of DG systems are discussed.
Self-developing dichromated gelatin is holographic photosensitive medium that possesses the number of unique properties. Being illuminated by interferometric pattern it records the energy distribution, and in such way the gratings with high diffraction efficiency can be obtained. The absence of postexposure processing allows to use it for in-situ experiments. And besides the self-developing property of the material allows to create new kinds of optical elements based on very thick gratings that possess very high selectivity properties.
The hydrophobic gel freezing influence on the optical fiber cable properties discussed. Is shown, that the locally inhomogeneous gel filling material freezing can cause distributed defects in fiber communication systems.
A capability of improvement of self-developing dichromated gelatin properties (SD DG) under IR laser radiation action is confirmed experimentally. The laser annealing application for reduction of SD DG layer synthesis time results in increase of diffraction efficiency value and properties uniformity improvement of on all media volume for layers of 1 - 5 mm by depth. The laser annealing represents itself as additional control parameter of such technological process and consists in an adjustable time-space localization of effect, capability by selective energy pumping of a macromolecular system.
Optical lensless methods of processing the periodic image based on the Talbot effect and Fraunhofer diffraction are considered. Regularities of making of image in nonzero orders of diffraction are shown and are explored their noise features. It is shown that without using lenses possible to produce a transformation of image of a periodic object in the Fourier-spectrum on end distances.
The hologram recording mechanism in the dichromated gelatin layers are discussed. A new technologies are described for red rainbow hologram recording in the photographic emulsion and selfdeveloped dichromated gelatin--glycerol layers. A new method is suggested and experimentally approbated for relief plastic replica of the rainbow hologram fabrication based on the tanning developed or bleached photographic emulsion. This method is modification of the old photographic `bromoil' process. Some aspects of the noncoherent hologram coping on the dichromated gelatin films are discussed too.
The hologram recording mechanism in the dichromated gelatin- glycerol layers are discussed. The holographic grating with the spatial frequency 1500 lines per mm on this type media with light sensitivity near 200 mJ/cm2 at wavelength of 0,44 mkm was recorded experimentally.
The optical information recorded in dichromate gelatin (DCG) layers Induced the information of a latent. image Which rnder the action of water and alcohols transforms to a relief or Phase image. The action of water vapours ma appreciably increase diffraction efficiency. judging from the assumPtion that the introduction of multiatomic alcohols favours the retention of water'' moecu1es in a lager in the amount sufficient for deve1oment on its exposure and stabilization of chromium complexes1 a " self-development" regim has teen worked out. In this case the diffraction efficiency of recorded hc. 1ograms is c''ose to the theoretical limiting value for flatphase r''e c o rdI ng me (J i a. At present the occurence of a Primary latent holographic image (or structure) in dichromated gelatin (DCG) layers has been recognized The diffraction efficiency (DE) detected at a step of holographic recording is low (about 0. 1-IZ). It was shown earlier /j_ 2/ that the treatment bY water vaours or eXPOSUPC Of the layers under conditions of increased humidity results ma growth of DE up to the values enabling the use of DCG to record information in real time /3/j Latent image centres in exposed DC3 layers are predominantly chromium(V) compounds. It is particulary evidenced by the observed correlation between the rate of formation of Cr(V) compounds in a Photo process and the specific change in DE of a latent image /5/.
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