Our study presents recent progress in modelling and performing lens optical design with metasurfaces. We developed semi-analytical models that recover the output phase, polarization, dispersion and group delay of various nanostructures. This enables the mixing of different nanostructures to obtain a target dispersion profile an interesting application of the model. These models can readily be implemented within optical design software such as Zemax and use the built-in optimization of optical design processes while avoiding time-consuming electrodynamics computation. We also introduce the metasurfaces to the analytical lens design framework. This enables us to analytically compute the phase profile of freeform metasurface doublet concerning particular ray conditions such as the Abbe Sine condition as we presented here.
A method to integrate metasurfaces in lens design is proposed. Thanks to a model based on effective medium theory used in conjunction with lens design software, the optical properties of custom metasurfaces within a complex system can be calculated. Compared to simple phase surfaces embedded in common lens design software, the phase shift profile given by our model is dependent on the wavelength and field of view. We thus demonstrate that those phase surfaces cannot accurately reproduce the behaviour of metasurfaces in every system. As a proof- of-concept, a hybrid refractive and metalens design was also made. The metasurface located within two refractive lenses corrects mainly the spherical aberration and allows the system to be almost diffraction-limited for the whole field of view.
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