Electric breakdown and non-self-sustained electric discharge were triggered and guided by a train of ultrashort sub-TW ultraviolet (UV) pulses overlapped with a long free-running UV pulse of a hybrid Ti:Sapphire-KrF laser facility. Photocurrent sustained by this train is two orders of magnitude higher, and electric breakdown distance is twice longer than those for the discharge triggered by the long UV pulse only. UV filaments of ~100 m length were observed when transporting the laser radiation over the long distance.
Non-self-sustained electric discharge and electric breakdown were triggered and guided by a train of ultrashort sub-TW ultraviolet (UV) pulses overlapped with a long free-running UV pulse of a hybrid Ti:Sapphire - KrF laser facility. Photocurrent sustained by this train is two orders of magnitude higher, and electric breakdown distance is twice longer than those for the discharge triggered by the long UV pulse only. When transporting the laser radiation over the long distance, UV filaments of ~ 100 m length were observed.
The radiation amplification and oscillation are obtained in an electron-beam-pumped Berdysh laser with an active
volume of 10 L in the visible range from 430 to 470 nm at the broadband 42Γ -1,2 2Γ transition in the triatomic Kr2F molecule of interest for amplification of ultrashort laser pulses. It is shown that, along with absorption of laser radiation in the active medium, the amplification dynamics is considerably determined by short-lived absorption induced in the amplifier windows by bremsstrahlung X-rays. For the specific pump power 0.6 ÷ 0.7MW cm-3, the gain, corrected for nonstationary absorption, was ~10-3 cm-1. A scheme of aKr2F amplifier is proposed for amplification of ultrashort pulses
up to multiterawatt peak powers in the active volume ~10 L.
Fluorescence and transient absorption spectra of various rare gas mixtures with additions of fluorine-containing gases
and nitrogen under e-beam pumping are investigated with the original time-gated probing technique. The obtained
results allow us to specify KrF laser kinetics. Weak amplification of radiation at broadband trimer Kr2F transition
(42Γ→1,22Γ) is demonstrated.
The paper is devoted to R&D of novel experimental technique - laser-driven shock tube (LST) for modeling of
Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) and Richtmyer-Meshkov (R-M) hydrodynamic instabilities development at the contact surface of
two immiscible liquids under a shock wave (SW) passage. 100-J, 100-ns KrF laser facility GARPUN has been used to
irradiate some opaque liquids. A homogenizing focusing system combined multi-element prism raster and a lens to
provide non-uniformity less then few percents across a square 7*7-mm spot, laser intensities being varied in the range of
q = 0.004 - 2 GW/cm2. Surface plasma blow off produced a planar SW propagated into the liquid. SW amplitudes as
high as 0.8 GPa weakly damping with increasing thickness were measured in dibutyl-phthalate (DBP), which strongly
absorbed UV laser light. Test bench experiments were performed to produce standing acoustic waves as initial
perturbations at the interface between two immiscible liquids.
Time-resolved fluorescence of Ar/Kr/F2 mixtures and transient absorption spectra were measured at Berdysh preamplifier module of GARPUN KrF laser facility pumped by 50 A/cm2, 350 keV, 100 ns e-beam. The experiments pursued an aim to obtain additional data on KrF laser kinetics, in particular, on the formation of Kr2F molecules and their influence on the absorption and extraction of KrF laser radiation in large-scale amplifiers. A possibility of femtosecond laser pulses amplification at broad-band Kr2F (42&Ggr;→1,2 2&Ggr;) transition is discussed.
Protective single-layer, AR double-layer, and HR multi-layer fluorine-resistant coatings with damage thresholds as high
as 20 J/cm2 were deposited for the intracavity optics of high-energy KrF lasers by using different deposition techniques.
They were tested by the atomic-force microscopy and IR Fourier spectrometry in regard of microstructure, porosity,
water content, and in prolonged etching by fluorine. The most promising were NdF3-based AR and HR coatings
produced by e-beam evaporation, while outstandingly low water content was demonstrated for MgF2 and Al2O3 layers
deposited by laser evaporation with a preliminary laser treatment of substrates.
Experiments were performed at 100-J-class GARPUN KrF laser installation on optimization of e-beam pumping and amplification of 20-ns pulses in e-beam-pumped amplifiers with gain volumes of 10 × 10 × 100 cm3 and 16 × 18 × 100 cm3. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) was measured in the near field close to the output window and in the far field along the amplifier axis. Suppression of transverse ASE by amplification of a laser signal was also investigated. The experimental data were compared with numerical simulations of e-beam transport using Monte Carlo code and 3-D numerical simulations of large-aperture single-pass and double-pass KrF laser amplifiers. Finally, the verified numerical codes were applied for optimization studies of large-scale KrF amplifiers with output energy up to 10 kJ being developed for Inertial Fusion Energy application.
Fluorine-resistant coatings for fused silica windows of high-energy KrF lasers with damage thresholds as high as 20 J/cm2 have been developed using two comparative deposition techniques: ion-assisted e-beam evaporation and magnetron ion sputtering. They were evaluated by means of atomic-force microscopy, Fourier spectroscopy, and laser-damage testing in large irradiated spots ~ 1 cm at powerful GARPUN KrF laser.
The experiments have been performed at 100-J-class GARPUN KrF laser installation, which consists of 20-ns discharge-pumped master oscillator and two stages of e-beam-pumped amplifiers with gain volumes of 10x10x100 cm and 16x18x100 cm. Gain and absorption coefficients were measured in a single-pass scheme, while intrinsic efficiency of about 12% was demonstrated in the saturated double-pass amplification. They were compared with numerical simulations. A numerical code solved a set os simultaneous self-consistent kinetic equations together with amplification of laser radiation and spontaneous emission in large-aperture KrF lasers. Being verfied with the experimental data the code was used to forecast the parameters of IFE-scale KrF amplifiers.
Hydrodynamic regimes of KrF laser interaction with solid and thin-film targets in atmospheric and reduced pressure air were investigated at high-energy GARPUN installation. These experiments were performed with 100-J, 100-ns laser pulses in planar focusing geometry and compared with numerical simulations with ATLANT code to verify the concept of laser-driven shock tube (LST), which could accelerate a gas to hypersonic velocity and produce strong shock waves (SW). Laser beam was focused by a prism raster optical system that provided very uniform intensity distribution at moderate laser intensities q ≤ 1 GW/cm2 over a square spot of ~ 1-cm size. Dynamics of laser-produced plasma and SW in a surrounding gas were investigated by means of high-speed photo-chronograph and streak camera in combination with shadow or schlieren techniques, time and space resolved spectroscopy in a visible spectral range. Both experiments and simulations confirmed that target evaporation and blow-up of expanding plasma are the main mechanisms of UV laser-target interaction in a surrounding gas. Planar shock waves with velocities up to 7 km/s towards the laser beam were observed in a normal density air and up to 30 km/s in a rarefied air. Acceleration of thin CH films of 1 to 50-μm thickness was investigated both in a free-expansion and plasma-confined regimes with the highest achieved velocities up to 4 km/s. The SW damping law in a free space independently on laser intensity and air pressure could be approximated by a power law x ~ tn with a power indexes n1 = 0.85 - 0.95 at the initial stage and n2 = 0.5 - 0.6 later, when a distance of the SW front from a target became comparable with a size of the irradiated spot. Instability growth at contact interfaces between ablative plasma and accelerated film, as well as between plasma and compressed air were observed and compared for various initial irradiation non-uniformities. They were introduced by a grid, which was set in front of the film target.
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