Dr. Andrea Liaci Profile

Dr. Andrea Liaci

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Proceedings Article | 3 April 2020 Paper

A multimodal approach for the diagnosis of bladder tumours

Enrico Baria, Simone Morselli, Riccardo Fantechi, Andrea Liaci, Arcangelo Sebastianelli, Mauro Gacci, Sergio Serni, Marco Carini, Riccardo Cicchi, Francesco Pavone

Proceedings Volume 11362, 113620T (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555757

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Bladder, Tissues, Biopsy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Solids, Spectroscopy, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Reflectivity

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Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer, and its treatment depends from both tumour invasiveness (stage) and aggressiveness (grade). The gold standard for detecting UC is white-light cystoscopy, followed by tissue biopsy and histopathological examination; however, such process is invasive, time-consuming, operatordependent and prone to sampling errors. In this framework, optical spectroscopy techniques could be a promising solution for fast and label-free diagnosis of bladder tissues and for early detection of UC. Thus, we combined autofluorescence, diffuse reflectance and Raman spectroscopy in a compact and transportable setup based on an optical fibrebundle probe. This experimental setup was used for studying fresh biopsies of urothelial tumour (140 samples) and healthy bladder (50 samples) collected from 90 patients undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (TURBT). The aim of this study was to develop an automated classification of the examined tissues based on the intrinsic spectral information provided by all three techniques. We found that healthy and diseased tissues showed significant spectral differences for each technique, resulting in high accuracy (up to 90%) from a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) routine. In particular, fluorescence spectroscopy – excited either with blue or UV light – provided very good results in detecting UC. However, tumour grading and staging proved to be more challenging tasks, for which no single spectroscopic technique could provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, we found that a multimodal approach can improve significantly the diagnosis of UC stages and grades.

Proceedings Article | 19 February 2020 Paper

Diagnosing urothelial carcinoma through multiple spectroscopic techniques

Enrico Baria, Simone Morselli, Andrea Liaci, Mauro Gacci, Sergio Serni, Marco Carini, Riccardo Cicchi, Francesco Pavone

Proceedings Volume 11212, 1121207 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2545987

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Tissues, Bladder, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Principal component analysis, Biopsy, Fiber couplers

Read Abstract +

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer, and its treatment depends from both tumour invasiveness (stage) and aggressiveness (grade). The gold standard for detecting UC is white-light cystoscopy, followed by tissue biopsy and histopathological examination; however, such process is invasive, time-consuming, operatordependent and prone to sampling errors. In this framework, optical spectroscopy techniques can provide a fast, label-free and non-invasive tool for improving diagnosis. Thus, we combined auto-fluorescence, diffuse reflectance and Raman spectroscopy in a compact and transportable setup based on an optical fibre-bundle probe. This experimental setup was used for studying fresh biopsies of urothelial tumour (129 samples) and healthy bladder (40 samples) collected from 78 patients undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (TURBT). The recorded data were analysed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for obtaining an automated classification of the examined samples based on the intrinsic spectral information provided by all three techniques. We found that healthy and diseased tissues showed significant spectral differences for each technique, resulting in high accuracy (up to 90%) from PCA-LDA routines. While fluorescence spectroscopy seems sensitive enough for detecting UC, we found that a multimodal approach is crucial for obtaining high discriminating capability (<80%) in grading and staging tumour biopsies. In conclusion, the presented strategy generates results similar to gold standard histology, but in a fast and labelfree way, offering the potential for endoscopic in vivo applications.

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