The pump laser was a cw-diode-pumped, acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The laser had a pulse width of
~85 ns when operating at 10 kHz repetition rates. For infrared output of 2300 nm, we used 35-mm-long PPMgSLT
which has a grating period of 32.7 μm for the first-order quasi-phase matching, resulting in the signal wavelength of
1980 nm at the crystal temperature of 76.5oC. Our optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was of a simple linear extra-cavity
structure, formed by two flat dichroic mirrors with a separation of ~45 mm. The input coupling mirror had a high
transmission of 98% for the pump, high reflectance of 98% at the signal and idler wavelengths, whereas the output
coupler had a high reflectance of 98% at the pump wavelength. Hence, the OPO can be considered as singly resonant
with double-pass pumping. In order to find an optimum reflectance for the efficient generation of infrared radiation of
2300 nm, we used the three different output mirrors whose reflectivity are ranging from 90% to 38% at the signal
wavelength. We measured the signal and idler power as a function of the pumping power of Nd:YAG laser for three
different output couplers. A maximum extraction efficiency with an optimum reflectance of output mirror was 27% for
the idler, corresponding to 5.6 W of average output power. The fluctuations in the idler root-mean-square output power
were measured to be below 1.5%. Our result is comparable with the recent one based on PPLN even with a simple cavity.
We investigated the output efficiency of signal wave as a function of reflectance of output coupler in nanosecond optical
parametric oscillators. The measurements are performed for a type-I critically phase matched signal-resonant optical
parametric oscillator of Beta-Barium-Borate crystal. It is observed that the threshold fluence and slope efficiency
increases as the reflectance of output coupler decreases, resulting that the maximum efficiency of the signal output was
achieved with ~ 60% reflectance of output coupler. It is found that the experimental result of output characteristics is in
good agreement with the numerical prediction by a simple numerical model.
We report on optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on 2 mm-thick periodically poled Mg-doped stoichiometric
LiTaO3 (PPMgSLT) pumped within the cavity of a Q-switched diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser of high average power that
operates at 10 kHz repetition rate. We have obtained 9 W of 2-μm output at the diode current of 21 A from a near-degenerate
phase-matched OPO using simple cavity configuration. We also found it has a good long-term stability with
such an output of high average power for more than an hour. The intensity profile and measured M2 of 2-μm output
beam were circularly symmetric and ~7.
We fabricated SiO2/TiO2 one-dimensional photonic crystals by a sol-gel method. A picosecond pump-probe nonlinear optical measurement was performed in the one-dimensional photonic crystal, with the pump wavelength fixed at 355nm and the probe wavelength fixed at 532nm falling on the bandgap edges. The third order nonlinear optical response in an anatase TiO2 film composing the one-dimensional photonic crystal is found to be responsible for the nonlinear optical transmission changes at both bandgap edges.
Woodpile structure which is a simple three-dimensional photonic crystal was fabricated by a two-photon polymerization. Resins with high two-photon absorption cross-section, transparent at near-IR spectral region but highly absorbing around 400 nm, undergo a two-photon absorption and polymerization upon irradiation with 780nm from a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser. The mechanical nano-positioning system was adopted to identify the position of the focal point inside the polymer and to fabricate the high resolution nano woodpile structures. The resultant structures have a face-centered-cubic symmetry.
Pulsed optical parametric oscillators (OPO) are powerful sources of broadly tunable coherent radiation that covers the wide spectral range from the near ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared. Here, we investigate an optimum reflectivity of the output coupler for the signal wave in order to achieve the efficient ultraviolet LiB3O5 (LBO) optical parametric oscillator pumped by the fourth harmonics of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with 25-ns pulse duration and repetition rate of 10 Hz. Our LBO crystal of a rectangular shape has an aperture of 6 x 6 mm2 with an interaction length of 10 mm, and it is cut for the non-critical phase matching of the type-II. The simple singly-resonant oscillator (SRO) configuration with two flat mirrors, M1 and M2, is used. The LBO crystal is mounted in the resonator in such a way that the wavelength of the signal wave is fixed at 313.5 nm. The input coupler M1 with high transmittance for the pump wave (T > 95%) is highly reflective (R > 99%) for the signal wave. In order to study the characteristics of signal output energy under the various conditions of output coupler M2, three kinds of M2 with different reflectivities for the signal wave are used. It is found that the maximum conversion efficiency as high as ~20% is achieved by using the dichroic output coupler of reflectivities for the signal wave of 65% and pump wave of 99%, respectively. This value is the highest efficiency in UV SRO among those ever reported to our knowledge.
Changes of LiNbO3 composition induce refractive index changes. Refractive index changes in LiNbO3 fabricated by vapor transport equilibration process was investigated using the Z-scan method and Maker’s fringe experiment. In non-critical phase matched second-harmonic generation, the phase matching temperature and the birefringence change for temperature were measured. The phase matching temperature of Li-compensated LiNbO3 was observed around 230°C and the birefringence change for temperature was smaller than that of congruent LiNbO3.
We present a novel method for determining both the thickness and optical constants of weakly absorbing thin film on nearly transparent substrate through analysis of transmittances measured at various incident angles with the coherent lights. We demonstrate this method for polymer thin film. The refractive indices and extinction coefficients of poly (tetracyanoethylene-carbazole) at two different wavelengths of 1064nm and 532 nm were determined for the first time to our knowledge. It is found that a thickness of a few hundred nanometers can be easily measured and this method offers simplicity as well as in situ measurement.
KEYWORDS: Amorphous silicon, Near field optics, Absorption, Diffraction, Refraction, Nonlinear optics, Thin films, Near field, Near field scanning optical microscopy, Photodiodes
The third-order nonlinear optical properties of a material can be observed through optical bleaching and reverse saturation in absorption aspect, and self-focusing and self-defocusing in refraction side. Among these phenomena, optical bleaching and self-focusing phenomena have an effect of reducing the transmitted optical beam spot and might have an application to enhance the recording density of the optical storage media. In this work, third-order nonlinear optical properties of amorphous silicon (A-Si) film are investigated through open-aperture Z-scan method and near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) technique. The A-Si film is deposited on the coring fusion glass and its thickness was 500nm. First, an open aperture Z-scan with He-Ne laser was used to find the imaginary characteristics of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of a A-Si film. It showed a reverse saturation. Then NSOM technique is used to measure the intensity profile of the focused He-Ne laser beam. We observed a definite decrease in the beam size from 1 .45micro-m to 1 .2 micro-m as the intensity is increased from 5 kW/cm2 to 140 kW/cm2 even though A-Si has a behavior of reverse saturation. The similar self-focusing from 1.45 micro-m to 1.2 micro-m can be also observed with a film ofA-Si as thin as 100nm. Keywords: amorphous silicon film, self-focusing, z-scan, near-field scanning optical microscopy
Second harmonic generation (SHG) of 532-nm radiation from 1064-nm radiation in LiNbO3 doped with 0.6 mol% MgO has been investigated by using pulsed Nd:YAG lasers whose pulse duration is less than 25 nanoseconds. Efficient and noncritically phase-matched SHG has been achieved at room temperature without any severe photorefractive problem. SHG conversion efficiency of 50% was typically obtained with a 9.5-mm-long crystal and a fundamental peak-power density of 22 MW/cm2 and 0.8 GW/cm2 when the pulse duration of Nd:YAG laser are 25 ns and 40 ps, respectively. It was found that thermal heating due to a linear optical absorption and nonlinear intensity-dependent absorption cause a saturation of conversion efficiency for SHG with nanosecond and picosecond pulses, respectively. It is also observed that photorefraction occurs when the intensity of a fundamental laser is higher than 4 GW/cm2 only for SHG with picosecond pulses. These experimental results show that LiNbO3 doped with 0.6 mol% MgO is one of the best nonlinear optical crystal for an application to SHG with pulsed Nd:YAG lasers.
A new fully functionalized photorefractive polyimine was prepared by the condensation polymerization between a photoconducting carbazole derivative, 9-(2- ethylhexyl)carbazole-3,6-dicarbaldehyde, and a nonlinear optical stilbene chromophore, 4-[N,N-bis(2- aminoethyl)amino]-4'-nitrostilbene. It showed excellent solubility in common organic solvents such as chloroform, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, etc. and high optical quality films were obtained by free standing film casting. Very high second order optical nonlinearity with d33 equals 120 pm/V was observed by second harmonic generation at the fundamental 1064 nm wavelength. In demonstrated good thermal stability of the aligned dipoles by electric field up to ca. 125 degrees C. The diffraction grating was formed by the interference of two coherent Ar-ion laser beam at the wavelength of 488 nm. A holographic diffraction efficiency of about 15 percent has been achieve din a 10 micrometers -thick film. Storage state of our film shows remarkably long stability at room temperature.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.