We report epitaxially regrown Photonic Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers (PCSELs) utilizing self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) exhibiting lasing at room temperature. The ability to utilize both the ground-state (GS) and excited-state (ES) of the QDs allows multiple emission wavelengths from one heterostructure. The choice of the grating periods of the photonic crystal allows lasing from neighbouring devices at the GS (~1230 nm) or ES (~1140 nm) of the QDs, 90 nm apart in wavelength. The threshold current densities are 0.69 kA/cm2 and 1.05 kA/cm2 for GS and ES respectively. The effect of PC structures, specifically etch depth of the PC on lasing performance is also discussed.
Lasers developed for defence related applications typically encounter issues with reliability and meeting desired specification when taken from the lab to the product line. In particular the harsh environmental conditions a laser has to endure can lead to difficulties. This paper examines a specific class of laser, namely actively mode-locked fibre lasers (AMLFLs), and discusses the impact of environmental perturbations. Theoretical and experimental results have assisted in developing techniques to improve the stability of a mode-locked pulse train for continuous operation. Many of the lessons learned in this research are applicable to a much broader category of lasers.
The AMLFL consists of a fibre ring cavity containing a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), an isolator, an output coupler, a circulator, a bandpass filter and a modulator. The laser produces a train of 6-ps pulses at 800 nm with a repetition rate in the GHz regime and a low-noise profile. This performance is realisable in a laboratory environment. However, even small changes in temperature on the order of 0.1 °C can cause a collapse of mode-locked dynamics such that the required stability cannot be achieved without suitable feedback. Investigations into the root causes of this failure were performed by changing the temperature of components that constitute the laser resonator and observing their properties.
Several different feedback mechanisms have been investigated to improve laser stability in an environment with dynamic temperature changes. Active cavity length control will be discussed along with DC bias control of the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM).
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