It is presently challenging for selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing technique to fabricate metal parts with wall thickness below 100 μm. This work investigated the critical conditions of the extremely thin wall thickness of tungsten grids fabricated by SLM. Specifically, the effect of low energy density on the printability of tungsten single tracks and grids via SLM was studied. A thermo-fluid flow model of the molten pool created in the SLM process was developed based on a computational fluid dynamics approach to illustrate the single-track morphology variation corresponding to printability. The findings demonstrate that at low energy densities, the molten track exhibits four different morphologies: balling, discontinuity and winding, discontinuity but straightness, as well as continuity and straightness. The simulation model, reliably validated by these results, effectively reveals the correlation between printability and the extent of melting in the powder bed. The energy density impacts the heat transfer mechanism and recoil pressure magnitude within the molten pool, thereby determining its flowability to fill voids in the powder bed. Based on these findings, SLM process parameters were adjusted to achieve an ultra-thin wall thickness of the printed anti-scatter tungsten grid reaching 92 μm. This work not only provides theoretical insights but also presents a viable methodology for determining minimum energy density threshold and wall thickness required for SLM fabrication of ultra-thin-wall structural components.
Nowadays, a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) is a well-applicable method for both basic research, industrial applications and security screening. As a rule, the detection and identification of a substance is carried out by comparing the absorption frequencies of the substance under study with the absorption frequencies belonging to the database. To find these frequencies, the substance is irradiated by the THz broadband pulse. Then the pulse, reflected from or transmitted through the substance, is measured. Real conditions and the substance opaque may perturb and attenuate the signal under measurement. Therefore, finding a way to increase the distance at which it is possible to provide reliable measurements and, consequently, enhance a distance of the remote sensing, is an actual problem. In the current study, we discuss a possibility of the broadband THz pulse’s spectrum finding based on measurements in time for a substance response at some frequencies belonging to the GHz range of the frequencies, under irradiating the substance by a broadband THz pulse. For simplicity, we consider the transmission mode of the THz spectrometer and illustrate the feasibility of the method using an artificial signal and a real measured signal.
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