SYSU (Sun Yat-sen University) 1.2 Meter Telescope is a R-C Cassegrain optical Alt-Az telescope, the Cassegrain instrument unit is mounted on the telescope’s mechanical derotator, which is required to feed more than five terminal instruments by a central switching mirror with a switching accuracy less than 1 arcsec. It is a great challenge to design, accommodate and align so many instruments in such limited focus space and realize so high switching accuracy between different instruments under different observation modes at the same time. This paper explores design process problem and find the way in detail for the Cassegrain instrument unit.
With the continuous exploration of the universe and astronomy’s development, the telescopes are bigger and bigger. Horizon structure is widely used in the modern large telescopes rack, which carries dozens, even thousands of tons of the rotary parts and demands high accuracy and good stability. Therefore, it is one of the key technologies for large telescope to develop the precision support technology integrated direct drive with large load, high stiffness, low friction, even frictionless. Magnetic suspension bearing has not only the advantage of non-contact, no friction, high rigidity, high precision, low power, low mechanical assembly requirements, but also is integrated with the driven torque motor, which simplifies the structure, reduces the cost. This paper explores one kind of active bias magnetic suspension bearing integrated with direct drive technology based on multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), which provides a new choice and view for the modern large astronomical telescope tracking system.
The telescope tracking system is one big-inertia, multivariable, nonlinear, complex and strong coupling mechatronic system which is disturbed by some nonlinear disturbance such as torque ripple, wind disturbance and the cable drag force during the tracking process. In order to suppress the nonlinear disturbance and improve the tracking precision in large astronomical telescope, this paper explores one intelligent fuzzy control algorithm which contains engineers’ rich experimental experience and shows strong inductive ability. The simulation results show that the fuzzy controller is much stronger than traditional PID controller to suppress the nonlinear interference. The tests in the 1-meter telescope experimental platform also testify that it is very stable and the RMS of position tracking error is only 0.012″ in the superlow tracking speed 0.2″/s. While in the quick tracking speed, 6°/s with the acceleration 5°/s2, the RMS of position tracking error is only near to 1.8″. In conclusion, by the fuzzy control method designed in this paper, the dynamic response of the telescope tracking system has been improved effectively and the nonlinear interference has also been suppressed strong. What’s more, the tracking accuracy has been improved greatly.
KEYWORDS: Field effect transistors, Control systems, Telescopes, Control systems design, Large telescopes, Astronomical telescopes, Optical instrument design, Astronomy, Signal processing, Computer programming
The mount drive control is the key technique which mostly affects astronomical telescope’s resolution and its speed.
However, the ultra -lower speed and the giant moment of inertia make it very difficult to be controlled. In this paper, one
segmented permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), 4m diameter, is suggested for the mount driving. A method
is presented to drive the motor directly, which is based on TMS320F28XX and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) ,
also, HEIDENHAIN tape is used to detect the absolute position of the motor together with the Hall sensor. The
segmented PMSM can work stable and the mount drive can realize nice tracking performance at ultra -lower speed with
this drive system.
China SONG telescope would achieve the goal for long time continuous, uninterrupted, full automatic observation and
works in the diffraction limit condition, what's more, it must realize 0.3 arc second tracking precision without guide star.
This paper describes the integration and fine-tuning of the China SONG Drive Systems. It discusses the different problems
encountered during the integration and commissioning. The servo model that was used to simulate the problems and to find
new solutions is described as well as test results and advanced analysis methods.
Stellar Observations Network Group, SONG, is a Danish led international collaboration project to construct a global network of small 1m telescope around the globe. The second 1 meter SONG node telescope designed by NIAOT is installed at Delingha site in west China.
TCS hardware is based on PC, UMAC, tape encoder, motor and driver. TCS software is developed in powerful Qt Creator environment under stable Debian 6.0 operation system. The design rules are modularity and simplification. Several software modules work together to realize telescope usual function . Tracking algorithm is comprised of two parts. One is UMAC motion program, another is tracking thread in PC program. Communication between TCS and OCS is complicated. The method to process remote command is described.
SONG (Stellar Oscillation Network Group) is an international project to form a global observing network of eight 1- meter class telescopes. China joined this project and funded one node telescope for this network. By the end of 2013, the Chinese SONG telescope has been installed on the Delinha observing site of Purple Mountain Observatory in Qinghai province. This paper will give the introduction of this telescope, including its optical system, structure and control system. Besides, the preliminary observing performance of the telescope on site will be given in the second part of this paper.
China SONG telescope would achieve the goal for long time continuous, uninterrupted, full automatic observation and works
in the diffraction limit condition with high tracking precision and reliability, which puts forward a serious challenge to the
tracking control system. This paper explores one sliding mode control algorithm to improve the performance of China SONG
telescope tracking system. The results show that the algorithm can get higher precision, which has high exploration
significance for the telescope tracking system.
The direct drive tracking system of Telescope is one multivariable, nonlinear and strong coupling complex mechanical
control system which is disturbed by some nonlinear disturbance such torque ripple, wind disturbance during the tracking
process. the traditional PID control cannot fundamentally solved the contradiction between static and dynamic performance,
tracking data and disturbance .This paper explores a kind of CMAC with nonlinear PID parallel composite control method for
dual redundant telescope tracing servo system. The simulation result proves that combined algorithm based on CMAC and
PID realizes the servo system without overshoot and accelerates the response of the system. What’s more, CMAC feedforward
control improves anti-disturbance ability and the control precision of the servo system.
SONG (Stellar Oscillations Network Group) is a Danish initiative to design and build a global network of 1-m class telescopes. The plan is to design and build a global network of small telescopes located at 8 existing observatories around the world. The scientific goals of SONG need to obtain long-term and continuous observations (weeks to months). The group behind the SONG proposal has devised a new and innovative concept to overcome these problems in a cost-effective way. China, as one of the eight sites, its 1-m class telescope can achieve the goal for long time continuous, uninterrupted, full automatic observation and works in the diffraction limit condition. At the same time the telescope must realize 0.3 arc second tracking precision without guide star, which is a very challenge and difficult task for 1 meter telescope tracking system .This paper discusses the design and analysis of Chinese song telescope control system,ecpecially, its tracking system .
The Stellar Oscillations Network Group (SONG) is an initiative which aims at designing and building a groundbased
network of 1m telescopes dedicated to the study of phenomena occurring in the time domain. Chinese
standard node of SONG is an Alt-Az Telescope of F/37 with 1m diameter. Optics derotator control system of
SONG telescope adopts the development model of "Industrial Computer + UMAC Motion Controller + Servo
Motor".1 Industrial computer is the core processing part of the motion control, motion control card(UMAC) is
in charge of the details on the motion control, Servo amplifier accepts the control commands from UMAC, and
drives the servo motor. The position feedback information comes from the encoder, to form a closed loop control
system. This paper describes in detail hardware design and software design for the optics derotator servo control
system. In terms of hardware design, the principle, structure, and control algorithm of servo system based on
optics derotator are analyzed and explored. In terms of software design, the paper proposes the architecture of
the system software based on Object-Oriented Programming.
SONG is initiated by Danish to design, build, and utilize a global network of eight 1-meter class telescopes to be
operated as a whole-Earth telescope. China has joined the international SONG project in 2009 and will build one 1-meter
telescope as the node of SONG global network in China. Now the telescope is during the period of building. This paper
will give an introduction of Chinese SONG telescope, including telescope requirements, telescope design and other
information.
KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, Control systems, Reliability, Astronomy, Astronomical telescopes, 3D modeling, Digital signal processing, Large telescopes, Spatial resolution
The modern large telescope is endowed with advanced imaging systems and active optics, resulting in very high
peak angular resolution. The drive systems for the telescope must consequently be able to guarantee a tracking accuracy
better than the telescope angular resolution, in spite of unbalanced and sudden loads such as wind gusts and in spite of a
structure that, because of its size, can not be infinitely stiff, which puts forward a great challenge to the telescope' drive
system. Modern telescope's drive system is complicated, which performance and reliability directly affect the telescope
tracking performance and reliability. Redundant technology is one of the effective ways to improve the security of the
system. This paper will introduce one redundant synchronous control method for direct drive torque motor of large
diameter telescope drive system, which can effectively improve the telescope drive system tracking precision and
improve the reliability, stability and anti-jamming ability.
Direct drive technology is the key to solute future 30-m and larger telescope motion system to guarantee a very high
tracking accuracy, in spite of unbalanced and sudden loads such as wind gusts and in spite of a structure that, because of
its size, can not be infinitely stiff. However, this requires the design and realization of unusually large torque motor that
the torque slew rate must be extremely steep too. A conventional torque motor design appears inadequate. This paper
explores one redundant unit permanent magnet synchronous motor and its simulation bed for 30-m class telescope.
Because its drive system is one high integrated electromechanical system, one complexly electromechanical design
method is adopted to improve the efficiency, reliability and quality of the system during the design and manufacture
circle. This paper discusses the design and control of the precise tracking simulation bed in detail.
KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Large telescopes, Control systems, Space telescopes, Electromagnetism, Astronomical telescopes, Control systems design, Servomechanisms, Optical instrument design, Astronomical imaging
The direct drive motor of large aperture telescope, integrated with the telescope mechanic structure, has characteristics of
high load torque and large moment of inertia. The control method of drive system should be specially designed for the
heavy load. This article aims to list the key issues of engineering technology applied to large aperture telescope. Drive
control architecture and method, as well as design requirements of segmented direct drive motor on large astronomic
telescope, are discussed in this article.
KEYWORDS: Electromechanical design, Mechatronics, Control systems design, Control systems, Device simulation, Servomechanisms, Complex systems, System integration, Manufacturing, Reliability
The precise tracking technology is wide used in astronomical instruments, satellite tracking and aeronautic test bed.
However, the precise ultra low speed tracking drive system is one high integrated electromechanical system, which one
complexly electromechanical design method is adopted to improve the efficiency, reliability and quality of the system
during the design and manufacture circle. The precise Tracking Bed is one ultra-exact, ultra-low speed, high precision
and huge inertial instrument, which some kind of mechanism and environment of the ultra low speed is different from
general technology. This paper explores the design process based on complex electromechanical optimizing design
theory, one non-PID with a CMAC forward feedback control method is used in the servo system of the precise tracking
bed and some simulation results are discussed.
As direct drive technology is finding their way into telescope drive designs for its many advantages, it would push to
more reliable and cheaper solutions for future telescope complex motion system. However, the telescope drive system
based on the direct drive technology is one high integrated electromechanical system, which one complex
electromechanical design method is adopted to improve the efficiency, reliability and quality of the system during the
design and manufacture circle. The telescope is one ultra-exact, ultra-speed, high precision and huge inertial instrument,
which the direct torque motor adopted by the telescope drive system is different from traditional motor. This paper
explores the design process and some simulation results are discussed.
This paper explores one Arc PMSM for Direct Drive Telescope tracking system. By the Arc PMSM, we can very easily
manufacture one direct drive system for large telescope. Direct drive system has many advantages over more
traditionally used friction and rack/pinion drive. The advantages include high stiffness, no friction, easy alignment and
low maintenance. The paper discusses the design process of the Arc PMSM, especially the methods to reduce the torque
ripple.
KEYWORDS: Sensors, Control systems, Sensor networks, Smart sensors, Actuators, Wireless communications, Large telescopes, Telescopes, Local area networks, Device simulation
Telescope Control System (TCS) becomes more and more complexity, especially the large telescope control system
of force actuators for deformed mirror and position actuators for modifiable degrees of mirrors. It is very difficult to
connect thousands of sensors, actuators and controller with wired link. This paper presented a large telescope control
system based on wireless smart sensor (WLTCS), connecting wireless sensors and controllers with wireless link,
employing the TCP/IP protocol as communication protocol. Polling access can overcome contention and guarantee every
sensor to communicate with controller in time; using intelligent control methods when some channels are interfered,
multi-hop wireless paths can improve throughput and performance. The analysis and simulation indicate that WLTCS
can greatly reduce complex of implementation and improve communication performance.
The paper discusses one direct drive telescope experiment bed (DDTEB), which is designed to simulate the
modern telescope tracking system. The main task is to find the problem and the reliability which might be met in the real
direct drive tracking system of the telescope and how to handle them. More information and experience will be acquired
and accumulated to use the direct drive technology in the telescope complex motion system of Chinese telescope in the
future.
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