Considering the potential application demands of atmospheric polarization effects in fields such as navigation, remote sensing, and astronomical observations, experimental research has been conducted to investigate the variations of sky polarization degree under different scattering angles and wavelength conditions. The ideal analysis models of atmospheric polarization characteristics have been established based on the Rayleigh scattering theory. The distribution features of polarization degree and polarization angle in the sky were investigated, and their varying laws with the scattering angle were provided by the simulation study. An experimental system for measuring the atmospheric polarization characteristics was constructed using a turntable, division of focal plane (DoFP) polarization camera, telephoto lens, and bandpass filters. The atmospheric polarization patterns were measured and studied at different observing angles and wavelengths. The experimental results indicate that the magnitude of sky polarization degree is closely related to the scattering angle and it reaches its maximum near 90°. At the four experimental measurement wavelengths of 500 nm, 700 nm, 870 nm, and 1065 nm, the measured values of the sky polarization degree were 0.75, 0.64, 0.41, and 0.28, respectively. The sky polarization degree exhibits a downward trend with the increase of wavelength, and the atmospheric polarization effect gradually weakens with the increase of wavelength. These conclusions provide a meaningful reference for selecting appropriate observation angles and wavelength ranges in astronomical observation and remote sensing applications.
Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) is an important property of chiral material. How to obtain the ORD curve of chiral material quickly and accurately has attracted great attention from researchers. This work presents a measurement method of ORD based on a polarization axis finder (PAF) and a conical lens (CL). The PAF can modulate the collimated broad-spectrum beam spatially to form an “hourglass” intensity pattern, and the CL can disperse the polarization information of light of different wavelengths to different positions in space. The use of the PAF and the CL enables the ORD of the sample to be obtained with only a single image. We perform a theoretical analysis of this method to prove it is feasible and verify it experimentally with left-hand quartz (LHQ) as the sample. Both theoretical and experimental results prove that this method is a fast and effective way to determine the ORD of chiral substances.
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