The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on-board NOAA’s current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-16/17) generates a suite of operational products. In October 2017, users and the developer of the fire product reported anomalously cold pixels around fires (CPAF) in the Level 1b 3.9 um channel imagery. Without correction, this anomaly can results in bias of hundreds of degrees for selected pixels. This anomaly was found to be very common in that imagery, though often not immediately discernable. The GOES Calibration Working Group (CWG) investigated this anomaly and found the root cause. Based on this analysis, the ABI vendor revised the re-sampling kernels for the 3.9 um channel, which was successfully implemented into the ground processing system in April 2019. The CPAF anomaly has been eliminated from the L1b 3.9 um imagery since then.
Channel-to-channel co-registration is an important performance metric for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager, and large co-registration errors can have a significant impact on the reliability of derived products that rely on combinations of multiple infrared (IR) channels. Affected products include the cloud mask, fog and fire detection. This is especially the case for GOES-13, in which the co-registration error between channels 2 (3.9 μm) and 4 (10.7 μm) can be as large as 1 pixel (or ∼4 km) in the east-west direction. The GOES Imager IR channel-to-channel co-registration characterization (GII4C) algorithm is presented, which allows a systematic calculation of the co-registration error between GOES IR channel image pairs. The procedure for determining the co-registration error as a function of time is presented. The algorithm characterizes the co-registration error between corresponding images from two channels by spatially transforming one image using the fast Fourier transformation resampling algorithm and determining the distance of the transformation that yields the maximum correlation in brightness temperature. The GII4C algorithm is an area-based approach which does not depend on a fixed set of control points that may be impacted by the presence of clouds. In fact, clouds are a feature that enhances the correlations. The results presented show very large correlations over the majority of Earth-viewing pixels, with stable algorithm results. Verification of the algorithm output is discussed, and a global spatial-spectral gradient asymmetry parameter is defined. The results show that the spatial-spectral gradient asymmetry is strongly correlated to the co-registration error and can be an effective global metric for the quality of the channel-to-channel co-registration characterization algorithm. Implementation of the algorithm in the GOES ground system is presented. This includes an offline component to determine the time dependence of the co-registration errors and a real-time component to correct the co-registration errors based on the inputs from the offline component.
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-14 imager was operated by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in an experimental rapid scan 1-min mode that emulates the high-temporal resolution sampling of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the next generation GOES-R series. Imagery with a refresh rate of 1 min of many phenomena were acquired, including clouds, convection, fires, smoke, and hurricanes, including 6 days of Hurricane Sandy through landfall. NOAA had never before operated a GOES in a nearly continuous 1-min mode for such an extended period of time, thereby making these unique datasets to explore the future capabilities possible with GOES-R. The next generation GOES-R imager will be able to routinely take mesoscale (1000 km×1000 km) images every 30 s (or two separate locations every minute). These images can be acquired even while scanning continental United States and full disk images. These high time-resolution images from the GOES-14 imager are being used to prepare for the GOES-R era and its advanced imager. This includes both the imagery and quantitative derived products such as cloud-top cooling. Several animations are included to showcase the rapid change of the many phenomena observed during super rapid scan operations for GOES-R (SRSOR).
An improved atmospheric profile retrieval system for the current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
(GOES) Sounder data process has been developed. This algorithm can also be applied to process Advanced Baseline
Imager (ABI) on the next generation GOES-R to continue the current GOES class Sounder legacy products. The
Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) data from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite is
employed as proxy to test and evaluate the algorithm for ABI legacy product. Since there is only a few sounding spectral
bands in SEVIRI, a first guess from forecast is needed in legacy profile retrieval. The results show that if a set of
temperature/humidity profiles from weather forecast is applied as first guess, the accuracy of temperature/humidity
profiles can be achieved with that from the current GOES Sounder. Considering that there is only one temperaturesensitive
spectral band in SEVIRI, temperature information is limited; however, the improvement on humidity profile
retrieval over forecast is noticeable because there are two water vapor absorption spectral bands in SEVIRI. The results
of total precitable water (TPW) and lift index (LI) from combined SEVIRI and forecast are presented as well.
The potential for using Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder radiance measurements to monitor total atmospheric ozone is examined. A statistical regression using GOES channel 1 (14.7 micrometer), 2 (14.4 micrometer), 3 (14.1 micrometer), 4 (13.6 micrometer) and 9 (9.7 micrometer) radiances, followed by a physical iterative retrieval using only the channel 9 radiance, allows retrieval of total atmospheric ozone. Simulations show that the algorithm is suitable for retrieving total ozone with reasonable accuracy. In addition, GOES retrieved ozone values are compared with Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) ozone measurements from the Earth Probe (EP) satellite. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons show that GOES retrievals are able to capture most of the main features of the ozone distribution. Because of the high temporal and spatial density provided by GOES Sounder measurements, the potential uses of GOES ozone retrievals and associated products is exciting.
The potential for using Geostationary Operational Environmental satellite (GOES) Sounder radiance measurements to monitor total atmospheric ozone is examined. A statistical regression using GOES channel 1 (4.7 μm), 2 (14.4 μm), 3 (14.1 μm), 4 (13.6 mu;m), and 9 (9.7 μm) radiances, followed by a physical iterative retrieval using only the channel 9 radiance, allows retrieval of total atmospheric ozone. Simulations show that the algorithm is suitable for retrieving total ozone with reasonable accuracy. At the conference, real GOES retrieved ozone values will be compared with total ozone mapping spectrometer ozone measurements from the Earth Probe satellite. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons will show that the GOES retrievals are able to capture the main structure of the ozone distribution. Given the hourly measurements and high spatial density provided by the GOES Sounder, the potential use of GOES ozone retrievals and associated products is promising.
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