The experimental Indian Nano-Satellite (INS)-2TD acquires data in a long-wave infrared (7 to 16 μm) region with a fairly good spatial resolution of 175 m. Our study focuses on the retrieval of land surface temperature (LST) using a physics-based generalized single-channel (GSC) algorithm for the INS-2TD observations. A total of 597,240 at-sensor radiance simulations were carried out using moderate resolution atmospheric transmittance 5.3 radiative transfer model for varying conditions pertaining to surface, atmosphere, and sensor geometry to develop and validate the GSC algorithm for broadband INS-2TD sensor. The result from simulated test dataset shows the algorithm’s consistent performance with root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.87 K and 0.97 R2. Pixel-to-pixel intercomparison of retrieved LST and standard LST product of Indian National Satellite (INSAT)-3D indicates a good agreement with 0.99 R2 and range of RMSE from 1.17 to 4.78 K over the six selected datasets of South-Asia. The results reveal that the retrieved INS-2TD LST products perform very well, except having a hot bias of around 4.78 K compared to INSAT-3D LST over the Himalayan mountains due to the topographic effect. These results show the overall reasonable accuracy of the retrieved LST over heterogeneous surfaces and highly dynamic atmospheric conditions.
Heat Waves can have notable impacts on human mortality, ecosystem, economics and energy supply. The effect of heat wave is much more intense during summer than the other seasons. During the period of April to June, spells of very hot weather occur over certain regions of India and global warming scenario may result in further increases of such temperature anomalies and corresponding heat waves conditions. In this paper, satellite observations have been used to detect the heat wave conditions prevailing over India for the period of May-June 2015. The Kalpana-1 VHRR derived land surface temperature (LST) products have been used in the analysis to detect the heat wave affected regions over India. Results from the analysis shows the detection of heat wave affected pixels over Indian land mass. It can be seen that during the study period the parts of the west India, Indo-gangetic plane, Telangana and part of Vidarbh was under severe heat wave conditions which is also confirmed with Automatic Weather Station (AWS) air temperature observations.
Satellite based multispectral imagery contains various quantitative information related to surface and atmosphere. To extract the accurate information about surface, we need to correct atmospheric influence which is introduced by the atmosphere. Atmospheric correction of multispectral satellite imagery is an important prerequisite to derive geophysical parameters from satellite data. In this study surface reflectance is retrieved using the Scheme for Atmospheric Correction of Resourcesat-2 (SACRS2). The SACRS2 is physics based atmospheric correction scheme developed at Space Applications Centre (SAC), ISRO based on radiative transfer model 6SV (The Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum vector version). SACRS2 method is easily applicable for atmospheric correction of multispectral data. A detail analysis has been carried out to retrieve surface reflectance from Resourcesat-2 AWiFS, LISS-3 and LISS-4 data using SACRS2 method. The retrieved surface reflectance from SACRS2 for AWiFS, LISS-3 and LISS-4 have been compared with in-situ measurements. The comparison showed a good match of reflectance derived by SACRS2 scheme with the in-situ measurements.
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