Metal nano-hole arrays, modulating resonances intensity and spectral position, span visible to near-infrared ranges, unlocking sensing applications. Displacing electric fields toward the interface with air, facilitated by a high-index material (SiN) substrate, refines the sensitive region and improve enhancement. Efficient and reproducible fabrication protocols, such as the modified nanosphere lithography (NSL) method, have been developed by our group for the creation of highly ordered nano-hole arrays (NHAs) in thin gold films. These arrays feature diverse properties, including thickness, hole shape, diameter, and lateral periodic or quasi-periodic spacing. Interference and coupling between plasmonic modes of different natures present a route for enhancement for SERS applications. Integrating these nanostructures within a fiber-based microfluidic system offers an innovative solution for pesticide detection. This system, characterized by straightforward fabrication, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, and specificity, emerges as a formidable contender for in-situ environmental monitoring, encapsulating cutting-edge research and innovation in pest control.
The realization of periodic plasmonic nanostructures featuring macroscopic scale and easily controllable size and lattice spacing, is a challenging achievement for low-cost nanofabrication tools, which has not been completely explored so far. In this work, periodic array of different metal nanostructures have been easily prepared on large-area by exploiting a modified nano-sphere lithography (NSL) fabrication technique. A valuable ability is to couple the versatility offered by NSL with post-processing tools for a properly engineering of plasmonic nanoparticles. Obtaining dynamic tunability of metal nanostructures will allow the monitoring of electromagnetic near field distribution upon interaction with light of a desired wavelength. A rational design of such singular or collective optical properties can be used to focus and optimize the investigated functional features. Here, Au nano-prisms (NPs) and Au nanohole (NHs) arrays, tailored on the nanoscale, are investigated as innovative sensing platforms and as substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Their localized “sensing volume”, defined as the penetration depth within which changes of the refractive index can be detected, demonstrated their excellent performances towards single-molecule detection.
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