Using a fast polarization mode dispersion (PMD) with 15-second interval and long measurement duration (>24h), we
found the correlation between polarization effects, tides and sun radiation on submarine fibers. We also found that
using state of polarization measurement we can measure the vibration frequency of the optical fibers.
KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Picosecond phenomena, Telecommunications, Optical communications, Polarization, Birefringence, Signal attenuation, Systems modeling, Photonics, Optical amplifiers
Multicanonical Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the joint probability of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependent loss (PDL) in a field fiber emulator. A joint PDF of PMD and PDL showing rare events is reported for the first-time.
A combination of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependent loss (PDL) in a fiber optic system will lead to a complex principal state vector. We report the autocorrelation function (ACF) for such a complex principal state vector. It is shown that the correlation bandwidth decreases with the increasing PDL.
Spectrally resolved polarization mode dispersion is measured in emulators and spool fibers for different temperatures. The PMD emulators, made of randomly spliced PM fiber sections, are found to be correlated. The field fibers are found to be random.
PMD characteristics of four commercial photonic crystal fibers are measured using Jones Matrix eigenanalysis. It is found that PMD value could vary up to two orders of magnitude due the asymmetry of the photonic cyrstal fiber fabrication. The PMD temperature dependent characteristics is presented for a 1.55μm crystal fiber.
Measurement of two aerial fibers fundamental frequency is performed using the state of polarization. Comparisons are made with basic wave theory and reasonable agreement is obtained. The affect of sag on the fundamental frequency is investigated.
BER degradation, caused by a dynamic PMD emulator, is investigated in a 10Gb/s optical system. It is shown that dynamic PMD emulation more closely emulates rare field fiber BER events whereas standard emulators average away these events.
The autocorrelation function (ACF) for the direction of the principal state of polarization (PSP) vector is reported. The analytical results are compared with the simulation results. It is shown that the magnitude and the directional ACF of the PSP vector are not independent. The directional correlation bandwidth for the PSP vector is verified to be narrower than that of the PSP magnitude.
The angle between the principal state of polarization fast and slow modes is investigated. In the presence of polarization dependent loss the angle is shown to become non-orthogonal and vary statistically. It is found that the statistics of the angle only depends on polarization dependent loss and is independent of polarization mode dispersion. This phenomena is investigated through experiments and simulations.
KEYWORDS: Polarization, Dispersion, Optical fibers, Single mode fibers, Signal attenuation, Birefringence, Solids, Monte Carlo methods, Telecommunications, Lawrencium
We report the autocorrelation function (ACF) of polarization dependent loss (PDL) in optical systems having polarization mode dispersion (PMD). A characteristic PDL ACF is derived. It is shown that the PDL autocorrelation bandwidth is proportional to the inverse of the mean PMD and the proportionality constant is a function of mean PDL. Monte Carlo simulations of the autocorrelation functions confirm the analytical results.
The dynamical behavior of the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in aerial field fibers is reported. A theoretical model is proposed to simulate the corresponding PMD dynamics of an aerial fiber. A PMD emulator based on the theoretical model is constructed and it is found that the emulator can closely mimic the PMD dynamics.
The state of polarization (SOP) is measured in various field optical fibers. A biased probability density is found. This is contrary to the generally accepted uniform probability density. A Maxwellian probability density function (PDF) for differential group delay (DGD) at a fixed wavelength will thus not occur when measured on these fibers for a median time period. Long term PMD measurements result in a quasi-Gaussian polarization mode dispersion (PMD) PDF when using an interferometric test-set. However, it is found that the interferometric quasi-Gaussian mean value corresponds to the mean value of the accepted Maxwellian PDF.
A novel polarization mode dispersion (PMD) emulator is presented which accurately follows the dynamics of PMD in field optical fiber. A modification on a dynamic mode coupling wave-plate model is presented to model the emulator. It is found that the emulator and model can accurately describe the dynamical behaviour of the state of polarization (SOP) and thus PMD in a fiber.
We present a novel measurement setup that can measure the optical spectral loss (OSL) from the phase shift induced in the transmission mode and the chromatic dispersion in the reflection mode simultaneously for the chirped fiber Bragg grating. A comparison has been made between the OSL of the new method and the typical-OSL.
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