Infrared satellite sensors must be recalibrated in orbit using blackbodies small and light enough to fit on spacecraft. Emissivities very close to one can be achieved by observing closed interiors along rays making multiple reflections off surfaces that are both highly absorbing and specularly reflective. We analyze the effect of slightly nonideal specularly reflective surfaces having a small but finite diffuse reflectivity, showing how it limits the performance of a three-reflection specular blackbody.
It is important in any remote sensing radiometer to identify and characterize the noise and error sources of the radiometer. At ITT, we have produced a number models to characterize noise and its impacts. The latest noise model is for the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) instrument which is part the National Polar-orbiting Operational Satellite System (NPOESS). The required accuracy of the instrument demands identifying and characterizing the noise and random error sources to lower the risk of poor instrument performance. This paper lists the sources of noises and random errors identified in the CrIS sensor and compares model predictions to measurements from the first CrIS Engineering Development Unit (EDU).
In classical Newtonian mechanics, equations and formulas never change form. The same cannot be said about equations and formulas of electromagnetic theory, which often change form when converted from one system of units to another. Douglas Cohen provides exactly what the technical professional needs: a thorough explanation of how to convert electromagnetic equations from one system of units to another.
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