We develop an efficient design method for the bi-directionally pumped distributed Raman amplifier (DRA). Using this method, we have designed a bi-directionally pumped DRA having a small gain ripple (< 1.1 dB) over the bandwidth of 90 nm.
We evaluate the effects of the downstream modulation formats (such as NRZ, inverse RZ, and Manchester) on the performance of the WDM PON implemented by using the reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOA's). The results show that, when we modulate the downstream signals in Manchester format, the performance of the upstream signal becomes insensitive to the operating condition of the RSOA.
We propose and demonstrate a simple and cost-effective technique to detect and localize the fiber failures in WDM PON. By reusing the downstream lasers as WDM light sources for the optical time-domain reflectometry, the proposed technique can localize the failures in both feeder and drop fibers without using the expensive tunable laser.
We propose and demonstrate a simple decision-threshold tracking technique that can minimize the PMD-induced power penalties. Using this technique, we could reduce the power penalty of RZ signal to 0.2 dB even when the DGD were as large as 40 ps.
We have analyzed the relative intensity noise (RIN) of the pump lasers transferred to the signal in a Raman amplifier system using polarization-multiplexed pump lasers. The result shows that this RIN transfer could be reduced by 3 dB using the polarization-multiplexed pump lasers instead of single pump laser. In a Raman amplifier system, the pump modulation could be used for line monitoring. We have also analyzed the power penalty caused by the modulated pump laser in such a system.
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