We propose and demonstrate a highly sensitive optical fiber sensor for vibration and twist based on a polarization-sensitive effect of mode selective coupler (MSC). MSC is prepared by melt coupling. Based on the polarization sensitivity, high sensitivity testing of twist and vibration is realized. The proposed MSC can be used for twist sensing with different demodulation methods at the same time, including intensity of spectra and modes. The twist sensitivity is –10.383 a.u./deg ( ∼ −0.02 dB / deg). For vibration sensing, the MSC achieves ultrabroadband sensing frequency response span from infrasound (Hz) to ultrasound (MHz) with good fidelity and high linearity of ≈ 1. The signal-to-noise ratio of single- and dual-frequency vibration detection is as high as ∼108 dB. In addition, the MSC can realize the detection of damped vibration signals steadily. The twist and vibration sensor based on MSC have the advantages of high sensitivity, wide frequency response range, good linearity, high stability, high fidelity, and compact structure. It has potential application prospects in the fields of oil field leakage detection, coal mine, and other structural safety monitoring.
With the development of optical communication, the optical attenuator becomes an important passive device. It is widely used in power equalization of DWDM system and photo detectors. Here an optofluidic variable optical attenuator (VOA) based on magnetohydrodynamic drive is presented. This chip uses microfluid and compressible air to adjust optical attenuation, where the fluid-drive technology uses magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) drive. The driving pump consists of two electrodes and a permanent magnet (NdFeB) that under the microfluidic channel. Only several volts voltage is needed in operation. There are no movable mechanical parts in this variable optical attenuator, so its volume is small. This variable optical attenuator has a simple structure and a low voltage advantages, and it is easy to control and integrate. The proposed VOA gives a new method for looking for small, low voltage and adjustable VOAs.
A variable optical attenuator (VOA) based on S-shape polymer waveguide is demonstrated at the wavelength λ = 1.55 micron. The VOA consists of straight input and output waveguides, an S-shape waveguide and a pair of deposited electrodes. The cladding material of S waveguide is Poly (methyl methacrylate/disperse red 1) (PMMA/DR1) and the core material of S waveguide is SiON. The refractive index of the polymer cladding at S waveguide is modified by the applied electric voltage. Light scatters at the S waveguide and the VOA has large energy loss in the original state at voltage-off. In the voltage-on state, the refractive index of the polymer of the S waveguide reduces, and energy loss changes as the voltage increases. The attenuation of the VOA can be controled and adjusted by the applied voltage. The beam propagation method(BPM) and finite element analysis are employed to simulate and analyse the VOA. The results show that the VOA has large variable attenuation range of 45.2dB and low insertion loss of 0.8dB.
Homoepitaxial grown InGaN/GaN p-i-n junction was deposited on GaN/Si template with AlN/GaN supperlattice as interlayer by molecular beam epitaxy. Different surface microstructure of the p-GaN was affected by the amount of Mg flux. Light-emitting diode was fabricated from the p-i-n junction. The crystal properties of InGaN/GaN p-i-n junction and the related light-emitting diode properties were investigated.
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