Blood supply in bone plays a crucial role in bone growth and fracture healing. However, to accurately reconstruct photoacoustic images of blood in bone, we must consider the refraction experienced by acoustic waves when passing through bone. We utilise ultrasound to determine the heterogeneous wave speed model which is then used for refraction-corrected photoacoustic imaging. We further extend new photoacoustic velocimetry techniques by accounting for refraction to generate maps showing the location, speed and direction of flowing optical absorbers in bone models. This technique is validated on in vitro experimental data obtained from a blood-vessel phantom beneath a bone-mimicking plate.
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