Graphene has exceptional nonlinear terahertz (THz) properties demonstrated by a strong THz absorption bleaching and a highly efficient frequency multiplication. This nonlinearity is attributed to the collective thermodynamic response of the background electron population of graphene to the exciting THz field, resulting in a temporal modulation (suppression) of the graphene conductivity (bleaching) and consequently leading to re-emission from graphene at higher-order harmonics. The revealed nonlinear coefficients of graphene are found to be several orders of magnitude larger than those of other solids. These findings pave the way for potential graphene-based technological applications including electronics and optoelectronics operating at THz rates.
MXenes are 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides with electronic properties that can be tuned by their chemistry and structure. Three members of MXene family, Ti3C2Tz , Mo2Ti2C3Tz and Mo2TiC2Tz are all intrinsically metallic, with high intrinsic free carrier densities and high carrier mobility within individual nanosheets. However, they respond to photoexcitation in dramatically different ways: while photoexcitation suppresses conductivity in Ti3C2Tz, it results in a long-lived positive photoconductivity in both Mo2Ti2C3Tz and Mo2TiC2Tz. Those responses suggest applications of MXenes in a variety of electro-optical and THz devices.
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