SignificanceDynamic phantoms capable of changing optical properties by control are essential for standardizing and calibrating spectroscopy systems such as the pulse oximeter. However, current liquid dynamic phantoms containing human blood have a short shelf life and require complex experimental setups. Some solid dynamic phantoms are influenced by the angular-dependent performance of the liquid crystal display (LCD), some have a low spatial resolution, and some have slow control of optical properties.AimWe aimed to develop a solid dynamic phantom, which can overcome these obstacles by changing the optical properties rapidly and generating dynamic biological signals.ApproachThe absorption properties of the phantom can be controlled in real time by modulating an LCD. A light guide was employed to avoid the angular-dependent performance of the LCD by isolating the scattering top-layer tissue-mimicking silicone phantom from the LCD.ResultsThe dynamic phantom was characterized at 940, 660, 530, and 455 nm to create a lookup table. Photoplethysmography signals of different heart rates from 80 to 120 beats per minute were synthesized, and oxygen saturation levels at 86%, 90%, 95%, and 100% were generated at multiple wavelengths.ConclusionsThe design, characterization, and potential applications of the dynamic phantom have been presented. This dynamic phantom can simulate various biological signals by applying corresponding modulation signals and has the potential to calibrate and validate pulse oximeter, imaging, and spectroscopy systems.
Endoscopes have been widely used for biomedical imaging applications like surgical guidance and diagnosis. In this project, we demonstrated a beam-shaping system to manipulate the illumination patterns at the distal tip of the multimode fiber by using the real-valued intensity transmission matrix of the MMF for endoscopic applications, which provides the potential to miniaturize the footprint of the structured illumination system and the endoscope geometry.
Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens bones increasing the possibility of bone fracture. The gold standard to diagnose osteoporosis is measuring bone mineral density (BMD). Since BMD only partly determines the strength of the bone, more information on chemical composition and microstructure is needed. Here, we implemented a novel dual-wavelength inverse Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) to characterize tissue chemical composition covering both the fingerprint and high-wavenumber regions. This system provides a greater probing depth keeping the spectrometer setting constant. The results from hydroxyapatite (HA) and water phantom demonstrate the potential of the Raman system to assess bone mineral and matrix quality in-vivo.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.