J. Jimenez-Martín, E. García Menéndez, M. Gonzalez-Guerrer Bartolomé, J. Martinez-Oter, V. Apéstigue-Palacio, J. R. de Mingo, J. Rivas, F. Serrano, S. Montalvo, A. García-Llases, I. Arruego
This work presents the procedure and results of the optical calibration of the SIS'22 Solar_Irradiance_Sensor (SIS’22) of METEO, the meteorological stations for the Exomars 2022 Kazachok lander. The calibration procedure applied for this multichannel radiometer is an update of the ones carried out on the DREAM-SIS for the Schiaparelli [11]lander in ExoMars ‘16 and RDS (Radiation_and_Dust_Sensor) for the NASA/JPL Perseverance rover [7], both sensors designed and calibrated by INTA. The main innovation introduced since the DREAMS SIS is the inclusion of some corrections in the models to improve the uncertainties and improve the detectivity limit in low light conditions. Some of the changes introduced are also related to the new challenges that this instrument faced compared to the DREAMS SIS, which had an important impact on the calibration of the mean throughput and the angular dependence (ARF): Narrower FoVs, the necessity of a new characterization of the ARF and its “blocking zone”, the use of UV channels, some channels were designed to measure diffuse light in spite of direct sun light, improvement of the offset characterization and a new spectral correction in order to reduce uncertainties.
The Short and Mid Wave InfraRed (S-MWIR) rugged active detection system has been designed to be operated in the worst conditions with very low Size Weight and Power (SWaP) factor. The detection system is based on a single uncooled detector device implementing a Lead Sulphide (PbS) (SWIR) and Lead Selenide (PbSe) (MWIR) plate cells on the same package and an emitter based on a combination of standard silicon materials with Nano Amorphous Carbon (NAC) membrane. The data acquisition and processing have been configured to handle very low signal values and important noise in the ambient. The detection system is based on a Lock-In Amplification tuned on 10Hz frequency to reduce the noise effect. The low operation frequency reduces the requirements on IR source and sampling electronics. The IR detectors and source has been instrumented with thermistors and the responsivity of the system has been characterized for non-thermal controlled operation. The characterized responsivity and the instantaneous temperature shall be considered on the data retrieval. The detection system has been qualified for very tough environment as very low temperature (-135°C) and relatively high temperatures (70°C) for a year continuous operation, high vacuum (10-6 mbar), high mechanical vibration and shock and high radiation levels. The S-MWIR detection system has been implemented on the Dust Sensor for the ExoMars’20 mission for operation from 10°C to -90°C with two detector systems forward and backward for calculation the in-situ dust concentration on Mars surface.
This work describes several OGSEs (Optical Ground Support Equipment) developed by INTA (Spanish Institute of Aerospace Technology – Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial) for the calibration and characterization of their self-manufactured multichannel radiometers (Solar Irradiance Sensors - SIS) for planetary atmospheric studies in the frame of some Martian missions at which INTA is participating.
DREAMS SIS is an optical radiometer that will provide measurement of the sun irradiance on the Mars surface [1],[2],[3]. The instrument will be on board as payload of the EDM, (Entry and Descend module) of EXOMARS 2016 ESA [4] mission showed in Fig. 1a. (Courtesy of ESA).
Optical Wireless Links for intra-Satellite communications (OWLS) [1] was proposed by Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA) in 1999 [2] [3] [4] and was developed during the last years. Several ground and in-orbit demonstrations were made to test and validate new technologies and concepts, for example, network architectures and communication protocols.
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