Mr. Jake Brinkmann Profile

Jake Brinkmann

at Science Systems and Applications, Inc.

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Publications (7)

Proceedings Article | 19 October 2016 Paper

Model development for MODIS thermal band electronic cross-talk

Tiejun Chang, Aisheng Wu, Xu Geng, Yonghong Li, Jake Brinkmann, Graziela Keller, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong

Proceedings Volume 10000, 100001Q (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2240515

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Sensors, Calibration, Temperature metrology, Contamination, Nonlinear response, Detector development, Signal detection, Photovoltaics, Mercury cadmium telluride

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MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has 36 bands. Among them, 16 thermal emissive bands covering a wavelength range from 3.8 to 14.4 μm. After 16 years on-orbit operation, the electronic crosstalk of a few Terra MODIS thermal emissive bands develop substantial issues which cause biases in the EV brightness temperature measurements and surface feature contamination. The crosstalk effects on band 27 with center wavelength at 6.7 μm and band 29 at 8.5 μm increased significantly in recent years, affecting downstream products such as water vapor and cloud mask. The crosstalk issue can be observed from nearly monthly scheduled lunar measurements, from which the crosstalk coefficients can be derived. Most of MODIS thermal bands are saturated at moon surface temperatures and the development of an alternative approach is very helpful for verification. In this work, a physical model was developed to assess the crosstalk impact on calibration as well as in Earth view brightness temperature retrieval. This model was applied to Terra MODIS band 29 empirically for correction of Earth brightness temperature measurements. In the model development, the detector nonlinear response is considered. The impacts of the electronic crosstalk are assessed in two steps. The first step consists of determining the impact on calibration using the on-board blackbody (BB). Due to the detector nonlinear response and large background signal, both linear and nonlinear coefficients are affected by the crosstalk from sending bands. The crosstalk impact on calibration coefficients was calculated. The second step is to calculate the effects on the Earth view brightness temperature retrieval. The effects include those from affected calibration coefficients and the contamination of Earth view measurements. This model links the measurement bias with crosstalk coefficients, detector nonlinearity, and the ratio of Earth measurements between the sending and receiving bands. The correction of the electronic crosstalk can be implemented empirically from the processed bias at different brightness temperature. The implementation can be done through two approaches. As routine calibration assessment for thermal infrared bands, the trending over select Earth scenes is processed for all the detectors in a band and the band averaged bias is derived for certain time. In this case, the correction of an affected band can be made using the regression of the model with band averaged bias and then corrections of detector differences are applied. The second approach requires the trending for individual detectors and the bias for each detector is used for regression with the model. A test using the first approach was made for Terra MODIS band 29 with the biases derived from long-term trending of sea surface temperature and Dome-C surface temperature.

Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Tracking the on-orbit spatial performance of MODIS using ground targets

Daniel Link, Jake Brinkmann, Xiaoxiong Xiong, Zhipeng Wang

Proceedings Volume 9840, 984029 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223980

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Calibration, Sensors, Space operations, Image registration, Spectral calibration, Staring arrays, Reflectivity, Spatial resolution, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Estimating terra MODIS polarization effect using ocean data

Andrew Wald, Jake Brinkmann, Aisheng Wu, Jack Xiong

Proceedings Volume 9827, 98270V (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222585

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Polarization, Calibration, Reflectivity, Mirrors, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Rayleigh scattering, Atmospheric modeling, Data modeling, Clouds

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2016 Paper

Cross-calibration of the Oceansat-2 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) with Terra and Aqua MODIS

Amit Angal, Jake Brinkmann, A. Senthil Kumar, Xiaoxiong Xiong

Proceedings Volume 9881, 98811Y (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224046

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Calibration, Sensors, Reflectivity, Space operations, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Neodymium, Molybdenum, Mirrors, Distributed interactive simulations

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2016 Paper

On-orbit performance and calibration improvements for the reflective solar bands of Terra and Aqua MODIS

Amit Angal, Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, Aisheng Wu, Hongda Chen, Xu Geng, Daniel Link, Yonghong Li, Andrew Wald, Jake Brinkmann

Proceedings Volume 9881, 98811F (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223912

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Calibration, Reflectivity, Diffusers, Sensors, Mirrors, Short wave infrared radiation, Signal to noise ratio, Neodymium, Detection and tracking algorithms

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Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is the keystone instrument for NASA’s EOS Terra and Aqua missions, designed to extend and improve heritage sensor measurements and data records of the land, oceans and atmosphere. The reflective solar bands (RSB) of MODIS covering wavelengths from 0.41 μm to 2.2 μm, are calibrated on-orbit using a solar diffuser (SD), with its on-orbit bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) changes tracked using a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). MODIS is a scanning radiometer using a two-sided paddle-wheel mirror to collect earth view (EV) data over a range of ±55° off instrument nadir. In addition to the solar calibration provided by the SD and SDSM system, lunar observations at nearly constant phase angles are regularly scheduled to monitor the RSB calibration stability. For both Terra and Aqua MODIS, the SD and lunar observations are used together to track the on-orbit changes of RSB response versus scan angle (RVS) as the SD and SV port are viewed at different angles of incidence (AOI) on the scan mirror. The MODIS Level 1B (L1B) Collection 6 (C6) algorithm incorporated several enhancements over its predecessor Collection 5 (C5) algorithm. A notable improvement was the use of the earth-view (EV) response trends from pseudo-invariant desert targets to characterize the on-orbit RVS for select RSB (Terra bands 1-4, 8, 9 and Aqua bands 8, 9) and the time, AOI, and wavelength-dependent uncertainty. The MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST) has been maintaining and enhancing the C6 algorithm since its first update in November, 2011 for Aqua MODIS, and February, 2012 for Terra MODIS. Several calibration improvements have been incorporated that include extending the EV-based RVS approach to other RSB, additional correction for SD degradation at SWIR wavelengths, and alternative approaches for on-orbit RVS characterization. In addition to the on-orbit performance of the MODIS RSB, this paper also discusses in detail the recent calibration improvements implemented in the MODIS L1B C6.

Proceedings Article | 12 October 2015 Paper

Cross-calibration of the reflective solar bands of Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus over PICS using different approaches

Amit Angal, Jake Brinkmann, Nischal Mishra, Daniel Link, Xiaoxiong Xiong, Dennis Helder

Proceedings Volume 9639, 963911 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2195170

KEYWORDS: Earth observing sensors, MODIS, Calibration, Reflectivity, Sensors, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Photonic integrated circuits, Landsat, Neodymium, Short wave infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2015 Paper

Evaluation of VIIRS and MODIS thermal emissive band calibration consistency using Dome C

Sriharsha Madhavan, Aisheng Wu, Jake Brinkmann, Brian Wenny, Xiaoxiong Xiong

Proceedings Volume 9639, 963913 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2196389

KEYWORDS: MODIS, Calibration, Domes, Sensors, Temperature metrology, Black bodies, Visible radiation, Infrared imaging, Radiometry

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