Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in a poled silicate fiber are used to detect external voltage applied to the fiber’s internal electrodes. This work shows a basic proof-of-concept of a single-ended, fiber-based voltage sensor that can be used to measure periodic high-voltage signals. The setup can be extended to a multiplexed e-field interrogation system and used in the electric power industry for remote sensing of transmission lines and power plants.
An interrogation technique based on phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion due to FBG filtering is presented. A 10 GHz tone is used to phase modulate an optical carrier located at the Bragg wavelength of a given FBG. The modulation index is set to a small value to keep Bessel identities close to 0 in order to avoid higher harmonics. Changes of the Bragg wavelength cause a power change in the photodetected 10 GHz tone. A remarkable linear sensitivity of 1 dB/pm for a shift up to 10 pm of the Bragg wavelength is demonstrated through experimental measurements. The range with linear sensitivity can be enlarged sweeping the source wavelength. This proves that the presented interrogation technique is able to interrogate FBGs with a resolution far below 1 pm and no need of extra postprocessing.
An interrogation technique of cascaded FBGs sensors based on a Microwave Photonics filtering technique under coherent regime is presented. The sensing information of a 5m fiber coil with 500 weak FBGs with a similar central wavelength is retrieved. The principle of operation is based on the calculation of the impulsive response by recording the electrical frequency response of the system. Hot spot detection and temperature measurement are demonstrated through experimental measurements with a temperature sensitivity of 0.6dB/ºC. The resolution in the measurement is related to the bandwidth of the electrical measurement and we have obtained a resolution of 20 cm for an electrical bandwidth of 1 GHz and a SNR bigger than 16dB.
Multicore optical fiber can be used to implement multidimensional optical fiber sensors including curvature sensors. In this paper, a selective core inscription technique is used in order to inscribe a single long period grating in each of the outer cores of the optical fiber. A set of three different long period gratings is inscribed for implementing the curvature sensor. The ability of the sensor for measuring the magnitude and the direction of curvature is demonstrated. The optical fiber sensor is characterized experimentally for curvature magnitudes from 0 m-1 to 1.77 m-1 and curvature directions from 0° to 360°.The maximum curvature sensitivity of the developed sensor is -4.85 nm/m-1.
The Karhunen-Loeve transform is applied to the coarsely sampled impulse response generated by an FBG cascade in order to calculate the temperature change suffered by the FBGs. Thanks to a dispersive media, the wavelength change performed by the temperature change produces a delay shift in the sample generated by an FBG, delay shift which is recorded in the eigenvalues calculated by the KLT routine, letting to measure the temperature variation. Although the FBGs samples are represented only by four points, a continuous temperature measurement can be performed thanks to the KLT algorithm. This means a three order reduction in the number of points giving this method a low computational complexity. Simulations are performed to validate the interrogation technique and estimate performance and an experimental example is provided to demonstrate real operation.
We report on an incoherent OFDR interrogator of FBG arrays based on the concept of dispersive wavelength to time delay
mapping. The system is specifically designed to show stability to environmental thermal variations by the incorporation
of a composite dispersive delay and weak broadband reflectors for delay and dispersion monitoring. Dispersion is imparted
by the combination of a fiber coil and an athermally-packaged chirped fiber Bragg grating for dispersion compensation.
Using differential measurements over a single acquisition trace, the values of Bragg wavelengths and dispersion are
determined from the delays experienced by the FBGs and by additional reference wavelengths reflected in the broadband
reflectors. The results show maximum deviations of 20 pm and 0.2 ps/nm with respect to OSA measurements of Bragg
wavelengths and nominal dispersion values, respectively.
The use of multicore optical fibres (MCF) in optical sensing applications has gained increasing interest over the past
years due to the benefits directly brought from their inherent spatial diversity. This property allows measuring either
multiple physical magnitudes at the same time or the same magnitude with slight differences in order to compensate the
cross-sensitivities. We have inscribed Regenerated Fibre Bragg Gratings (RFBGs) in MCFs with the aim of
implementing temperature sensors with an enhanced accuracy and for a very wide temperature range (up to 1000°C). The
sensors have been made in 4-core and 7-core commercially available homogeneous MCFs. The fabrication process has
been designed to create different temperature sensitivities among the identical cores of the MCF. We have obtained
significant wavelength-shift differences up to 1.2 nm at 765°C, what has been used to at least double the temperature
accuracy.
An optical fiber sensor composed of six standard FBGs in cascade is interrogated by use of a technique based on wavelength to delay mapping. A microwave-modulated optical signal enters the FBG cascade and, after being sliced and reflected, experiences dispersion in standard single-mode fiber. The Bragg wavelengths of the FBGs are mapped into the delays that determine the peaks in the system’s electrical impulse response. The Bragg wavelength shifts are calculated from the difference of the delays undergone by FBGs samples. A resolution of 9.2 pm in Bragg wavelength shift is demonstrated.
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