The eigenmode expansion method is applied to discretize the stepped shine grating into a binary shine grating. Various strategies that increase the directionality of the coupling efficiency have been optimized and replicated using this binary shining grating. We discussed and analyzed the impact of distributed Bragg reflectors, slits, and metal reflectors on the coupling efficiency of grating couplers. A metal reflector and slit were included in the design of a binary shine grating coupler. The coupling efficiency from the fiber to the waveguide of vertically incident electrically polarized light is 75.07% at 1600 nm. A 3 dB bandwidth of 77 nm from 1554 to 1631 nm is obtained.
Pumping a single-mode, tunable, external-cavity laser to excite the whispering gallery modes (WGM) of micro ring
resonators (MRRs), a series of equidistant, wide free spectrum range (FSR) can be observed. Frequency shift of FSR can
be used to feedback external changes, making MRR very promising in high-sensitivity sensing. In this paper, a novel
displacement sensor composed of a micro ring resonator and a waveguide is presented and a designing route for this
sensor is discussed. Based on mathematical analysis and the beam propagation methods (BPM), the major parameters
including the geometry of MRR and micro cantilever are investigated in detail. Materials selection and fabrication
method under current processing technic are also presented. For the typical structure in this paper, the final Q factor is
estimated approximately 103 in theory at the wavelength of 1.5μm.Displacement alteration of cantilever is 0.296x10-6m - 0.535x10-5m approximately corresponding 10-8-10-6N force loading. The shift of transmission spectrum is about 3.9nm
versus perimeter of MRR changing 1μm.
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