Dr. Joel Lazewatsky Profile

Dr. Joel Lazewatsky

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1991 Paper

Automatic recognition of bone for x-ray bone densitometry

Larry Shepp, Y. Vardi, J. Lazewatsky, James Libeau, Jay Stein

Proceedings Volume 1452, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.45385

KEYWORDS: Bone, Tissues, X-rays, Densitometry, Calibration, Artificial intelligence, Radiography, Signal attenuation, Minerals, X-ray imaging

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We described a method for automatically identifying and separating pixels representing bone from those representing soft tissue in a dual- energy point-scanned projection radiograph of the abdomen. In order to achieve stable quantitative measurement of projected bone mineral density, a calibration using sample bone in regions containing only soft tissue must be performed. In addition, the projected area of bone must be measured. We show that, using an image with a realistically low noise, the histogram of pixel values exhibits a well-defined peak corresponding to the soft tissue region. A threshold at a fixed multiple of the calibration segment value readily separates bone from soft tissue in a wide variety of patient studies. Our technique, which is employed in the Hologic QDR-1000 Bone Densitometer, is rapid, robust, and significantly simpler than a conventional artificial intelligence approach using edge-detection to define objects and expert systems to recognize them.

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