The Tianlai Pathfinder is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using wide field of view radio interferometers to map the density of neutral hydrogen in the Universe after the Epoch of Reionizaton. This approach, called 21 cm intensity-mapping, promises an inexpensive means for surveying the large-scale structure of the cosmos. The Tianlai Pathfinnder presently consists of an array of three, 15 m × 40 m cylinder telescopes and an array of sixteen, 6 m diameter dish antennas located in a radio-quiet part of western China. The two types of arrays were chosen to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. The primary goal of the Pathfinder is to make 3D maps by surveying neutral hydrogen over large areas of the sky in two different redshift ranges: first at 1.03 > z > 0.78 (700 - 800 MHz) and later at 0.21 > z > 0.12 (1170-1270 MHz). The most significant challenge to 21 cm intensity-mapping is the removal of strong foreground radiation that dwarfs the cosmological signal. It requires exquisite knowledge of the instrumental response, i.e. calibration. In this paper we provide an overview of the status of the Pathfinder and discuss the details of some of the analysis that we have carried out to measure the beam function of both arrays. We compare electromagnetic simulations of the arrays to measurements, discuss measurements of the gain and phase stability of the instrument, and provide a brief overview of the data processing pipeline.
KEYWORDS: Antennas, Structural design, Mechanical engineering, Wind energy, Reflectors, Finite element methods, Radio telescopes, Signal detection, Manufacturing, Signal processing
In order to make a large area survey, detect a large scale structure and understand dark energy, a large radio interference array with a large number of feeds is required. However, cost and deformation control are main considerations in designing a large antenna array. In this paper we designed a cylinder parabolic structure for antenna array 45m x 40m of "Tianlai" project in Xinjiang, China in 2015. In order to largely reduce weight and cost, the antenna was divided into many assemble units, their structure was optimized by MSC.Patran/Nastran and their reflector deformation under various load cases of gravity, snow and wind was analyzed. For the feed support, we compared different types of structure such as arch-bridge, tower, cable and pole, and by mechanical simulations we found that the arch-bridge structure is very helpful to achieve large span, decrease weight and improve stability, for example, the total weight of optimized structure can be reduced to 43.7% of before. Finally some deformation measurement and experiment methods were discussed, which can be extended to array 100m×100m in the future.
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