KEYWORDS: Quantum key distribution, Lawrencium, Relays, Vacuum, Sensors, Information security, Lithium, Single photon detectors, Signal processing, Signal attenuation
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows authenticated users to share secure keys, which has the advantage of information-theoretical security based on the fundamental laws of quantum physics. The breakthrough of long-distance QKD technology is the key to the large-scale application of quantum communication. The Twin-Field QKD (TF-QKD) protocol is an effective solution to overcome the linear secret key capacity bound, which is called the Pirandola-Laurenza-Ottaviani-Banchi (PLOB) bound. Among all TF-QKD protocols, the Sending or Not Sending (SNS) TF-QKD protocol has received extensive attention due to its advantage of tolerating large misalignment. In this paper, we analyze the influence of light intensity fluctuation on the secure key rate and transmission distance for the three-intensity decoy SNS-TF-QKD protocol considering the finite-key effect. Based on our proposed optimized key rate formula, we conducted a simulation analysis and found that a light intensity fluctuation within 2% has little effect on the farthest transmission distance of the three-intensity decoy SNS-TF-QKD. Even if the light intensity fluctuates up to 10%, the secure key rate can still break the PLOB bound.
This paper proposes to use the model of cladding particle scattering to construct the attenuation of haze aerosol, and use PM2.5 index to characterize the haze intensity. When the laser is transmitted along any path, the attenuation of the oblique path is divided into micro path by using the layered calculation idea of calculus. Since the micro path can be equivalent to the horizontal path, the attenuation of any path can be obtained by integrating the attenuation of each microscopic path. The error between the numerical results and the Kruse model is only 3.69% at haze case. In the international meteorological standard, the error within 5% means that the calculation result is valid.Then, according to different relative positions of coherent wind lidar and atmospheric wind field, they can be divided into three cases. Finally, the effects of haze weather with different intensity on the detection power, carrier noise ratio and wind speed measurement accuracy of the coherent wind lidar are analyzed under three different relative positions.The simulation results show that the increase of PM 2.5 index will reduce the effective range of the wind lidar. The PM 2.5 index of the system is no more than 554 and the limit of CNR is -11.4dB and estimation accuracy is 0.005m/s when the propagation distance is 1km on ground. The degree of limit value can become smaller via increasing system altitude and decreasing zenith angle.
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