Mr. Kevin D. Crowley Profile

Kevin D. Crowley

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Publications (5)

Proceedings Article | 18 December 2020 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Simons Observatory Small Aperture Telescope overview

Kenji Kiuchi, Shunsuke Adachi, Aamir Ali, Kam Arnold, Peter Ashton, Jason Austermann, Andrew Bazako, James Beall, Yuji Chinone, Gabriele Coppi, Kevin Crowley, Simon Dicker, Bradley Dober, Shannon Duff, Giulio Fabbian, Nicholas Galitzki, Joseph Golec, Jon Gudmundsson, Kathleen Harrington, Masaya Hasegawa, Makoto Hattori, Charles Hill, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Johannes Hubmayr, Bradley Johnson, Daisuke Kaneko, Nobuhiko Katayama, Brian Keating, Akito Kusaka, Jack Lashner, Adrian Lee, Frederick Matsuda, Heather McCarrick, Masaaki Murata, Federico Nati, Yume Nishinomiya, Lyman Page, Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao, Christian Reichardt, Kana Sakaguri, Yuki Sakurai, Joseph Sibert, Jacob Spisak, Osamu Tajima, Grant Teply, Tomoki Terasaki, Tran Tsan, Samantha Walker, Edward Wollack, Zhilei Xu, Kyohei Yamada, Mario Zannoni, Ningfeng Zhu

Proceedings Volume 11445, 114457L (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562016

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Observatories, Polarization, Cryogenics, Atmospheric optics, Microwave radiation, Sensors, Bolometers, Singular optics, Optical systems

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Proceedings Article | 31 July 2018 Presentation + Paper

The Simons Observatory: instrument overview

Nicholas Galitzki, Aamir Ali, Kam Arnold, Peter Ashton, Jason Austermann, Carlo Baccigalupi, Taylor Baildon, Darcy Barron, James Beall, Shawn Beckman, Sarah Marie Bruno, Sean Bryan, Paolo Calisse, Grace Chesmore, Yuji Chinone, Steve Choi, Gabriele Coppi, Kevin Crowley, Ari Cukierman, Mark Devlin, Simon Dicker, Bradley Dober, Shannon Duff, Jo Dunkley, Giulio Fabbian, Patricio Gallardo, Martina Gerbino, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Joseph Golec, Jon Gudmundsson, Erin Healy, Shawn Henderson, Charles Hill, Gene Hilton, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Logan Howe, Johannes Hubmayr, Oliver Jeong, Brian Keating, Brian Koopman, Kenji Kiuchi, Akito Kusaka, Jacob Lashner, Adrian Lee, Yaqiong Li, Michele Limon, Marius Lungu, Frederick Matsuda, Philip Mauskopf, Andrew May, Nialh McCallum, Jeff McMahon, Federico Nati, Michael Niemack, John Orlowski-Scherer, Stephen Parshley, Lucio Piccirillo, Mayuri Sathyanarayana Rao, Christopher Raum, Maria Salatino, Joseph Seibert, Carlos Sierra, Max Silva-Feaver, Sara Simon, Suzanne Staggs, Jason Stevens, Aritoki Suzuki, Grant Teply, Robert Thornton, Calvin Tsai, Joel Ullom, Eve Vavagiakis, Michael Vissers, Benjamin Westbrook, Edward Wollack, Zhilei Xu, Ningfeng Zhu

Proceedings Volume 10708, 1070804 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312985

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Receivers, Telescopes, Cryogenics, Physics, Wafer-level optics, Semiconducting wafers, Lenses, Staring arrays, Observatories

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

POLARBEAR-2: a new CMB polarization receiver system for the Simons array (Conference Presentation)

Masaya Hasegawa, The POLARBEAR COLLABORATION, Peter Ade, Mario Aguilar, Yoshiki Akiba, Aamir Ali, Kam Arnold, Peter Ashton, Carlo Baccigalupi, Darcy Barron, Dominic Beck, Shawn Beckman, Amy Bender, Federico Bianchini, David Boettger, Julian Borrill, Julien Carron, Scott Chapman, Yuji Chinone, Gabriele Coppi, Kevin Crowley, Ari Cukierman, Matt Dobbs, Rolando Dunner, Tucker Elleflot, Josquin Errard, Giulio Fabbian, Stephen Feeney, Chang Feng, George Fuller, Nicholas Galitzki, Andrew Gilbert, Neil Goeckner-Wald, John Groh, Tijmen Haan, Nils Halverson, Takaho Hamada, Masashi Hazumi, Charles Hill, William Holzapfel, Logan Howe, Yuki Inoue, Jennifer Ito, Greg Jaehnig, Andrew Jaffe, Oliver Jeong, Maude Jeune, Daisuke Kaneko, Nobuhiko Katayama, Brian Keating, Reijo Keskitalo, Theodore Kisner, Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff, Akito Kusaka, Adrian Lee, David Leon, Eric Linder, Lindsay Lowry, Alex Madurowicz, Suet Mak, Frederick Matsuda, Tomotake Matsumura, Andrew May, Nathan Miller, Yuto Minami, Joshua Montgomery, Martin Navaroli, Haruki Nishino, Julien Peloton, Anh Pham, Lucio Piccirillo, Richard Plambeck, Davide Poletti, Giuseppe Puglisi, Christopher Raum, Gabriel Rebeiz, Christian Reichardt, Paul Richards, Hayley Roberts, Colin Ross, Kaja Rotermund Rotermund, Yuuko Segawa, Blake Sherwin, Maximiliano Silva-Feaver, Praween Siritanasak, Leo Steinmetz, Radek Stompor, Aritoki Suzuki, Osamu Tajima, Satoru Takakura, Sayuri Takatori, Daiki Tanabe, Raymond Tat, Grant Teply, Takayuki Tomaru, Calvin Tsai Tsai, Clara Verges, Ben Westbrook, Nathan Whitehorn, Alex Zahn, Junichi Suzuki, Takahiro Okamura

Proceedings Volume 10708, 1070802 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2311576

KEYWORDS: Receivers, Polarization, Bolometers, Sensors, Multiplexing, Telescopes, Microwave radiation, Helium, Staring arrays, Superconductors

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POLARBEAR-2 is a new receiver system, which will be deployed on the Simons Array telescope platform, for the measurement of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization. The science goals with POLARBEAR-2 are to characterize the B-mode signal both at degree and sub-degree angular-scales. The degree-scale polarization data can be used for quantitative studies on inflation, such as the reconstruction of the energy scale of inflation. The sub-degree polarization data is an excellent tracer of large-scale structure in the universe, and will lead to precise constraints on the sum of the neutrino masses. In order to achieve these goals, POLARBEAR-2 employs 7588 polarization-sensitive antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers on the focal plane cooled to 0.27K with a three-stage Helium sorption refrigerator, which is ~6 times larger array over the current receiver system. The large TES bolometer array is read-out by an upgraded digital frequency-domain multiplexing system capable of multiplexing 40 bolometers through a single superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The first POLARBEAR-2 receiver, POLARBEAR-2A is constructed and the end-to-end testing to evaluate the integrated performance of detector, readout, and optics system is being conducted in the laboratory with various types of test equipments. The POLARBEAR-2A is scheduled to be deployed in 2018 at the Atacama desert in Chile. To further increase measurement sensitivity, two more POLARBEAR-2 type receivers will be deployed soon after the deployment (Simons Array project). The Simons Array will cover four frequency bands at 95GHz, 150GHz, 220GH and 270GHz for better control of the foreground signal. The projected constraints on a tensor-to-scalar ratio (amplitude of inflationary B-mode signal) is σ(r=0.1) = $6.0 \times 10^{-3}$ after foreground removal ($4.0 \times 10^{-3}$ (stat.)), and the sensitivity to the sum of the neutrino masses when combined with DESI spectroscopic galaxy survey data is 40 meV at 1-sigma after foreground removal (19 meV(stat.)). We will present an overview of the design, assembly and status of the laboratory testing of the POLARBEAR-2A receiver system as well as the Simons Array project overview.

Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

Electrical characterization and tuning of the integrated POLARBEAR-2a focal plane and readout (Conference Presentation)

Darcy Barron, Kam Arnold, Tucker Elleflot, John Groh, Daisuke Kaneko, Nobuhiko Katayama, Adrian Lee, Lindsay Lowry, Haruki Nishino, Aritoki Suzuki, Sayuri Takatori, P. Ade, Y. Akiba, A. Ali, M. Aguilar, A. Anderson, P. Ashton, J. Avva, D. Beck, C. Baccigalupi, S. Beckman, A. Bender, F. Bianchini, D. Boettger, J. Borrill, J. Carron, S. Chapman, Y. Chinone, G. Coppi, K. Crowley, A. Cukierman, T. de Haan, M. Dobbs, R. Dunner, J. Errard, G. Fabbian, S. Feeney, C. Feng, G. Fuller, N. Galitzki, A. Gilbert, N. Goeckner-Wald, T. Hamada, N. Halverson, M. Hasegawa, M. Hazumi, C. Hill, W. Holzapfel, L. Howe, Y. Inoue, J. Ito, G. Jaehnig, O. Jeong, B. Keating, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, N. Krachmalnicoff, A. Kusaka, M. Le Jeune, D. Leon, E. Linder, A. Lowitz, A. Madurowicz, D. Mak, F. Matsuda, T. Matsumura, A. May, N. Miller, Y. Minami, J. Montgomery, T. Natoli, M. Navroli, J. Peloton, A. Pham, L. Piccirillo, D. Plambeck, D. Poletti, G. Puglisi, C. Raum, G. Rebeiz, C. Reichardt, P. Richards, H. Roberts, C. Ross, K. Rotermund, Max Silva Feaver, Y. Segawa, B. Sherwin, P. Siritanasak, L. Steinmetz, R. Stompor, O. Tajima, S. Takakura, D. Tanabe, R. Tat, G. Teply, A. Tikhomirov, T. Tomaru, C. Tsai, C. Verges, B. Westbrook, N. Whitehorn, A. Zahn

Proceedings Volume 10708, 1070808 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2311502

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, Polarization, Sensors, Receivers, Microwave radiation, Telescopes, Frequency division multiplexing, Aluminum, Capacitors, Circuit switching

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POLARBEAR is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment located in the Atacama desert in Chile. The science goals of the POLARBEAR project are to do a deep search for CMB B-mode polarization created by inflationary gravitational waves, as well as characterize the CMB B-mode signal from gravitational lensing. POLARBEAR-1 started observations in 2012, and the POLARBEAR team has published a series of results from its first two seasons of observations, including the first measurement of a non-zero B-mode polarization angular power spectrum, measured at sub-degree scales where the dominant signal is gravitational lensing of the CMB. The Simons Array expands POLARBEAR to include an additional two telescopes with next-generation POLARBEAR-2 multi-chroic receivers, observing at 95, 150, 220, and 270 GHz. The POLARBEAR-2A focal plane has 7,588 transition-edge sensor bolometers, read out with frequency-division multiplexing, with 40 frequency channels within the readout bandwidth of 1.5 to 4.5 MHz. The frequency channels are defined by a low-loss lithographed aluminum spiral inductor and interdigitated capacitor in series with each bolometer, creating a resonant frequency for each channel's unique voltage bias and current readout. Characterization of the readout includes measuring resonant peak locations and heights and fitting to a circuit model both above and below the bolometer superconducting transition temperature. This information is used determine the optimal detector bias frequencies and characterize stray impedances which may affect bolometer operation and stability. The detector electrical characterization includes measurements of the transition properties by sweeping in temperature and in voltage bias, measurements of the bolometer saturation power, as well as measuring and removing any biases introduced by the readout circuit. We present results from the characterization, tuning, and operation of the fully integrated focal plane and readout for the first POLARBEAR-2 receiver, POLARBEAR-2A, during its pre-deployment integration run.

Proceedings Article | 9 July 2018 Paper

Design and characterization of a ground-based absolute polarization calibrator for use with polarization sensitive CMB experiments

M. Navaroli, G. Teply, K. Crowley, J. Kaufman, N. Galitzki, K. Arnold, B. Keating

Proceedings Volume 10708, 107082A (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2312856

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Polarization, Oscillators, Birefringence

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We present the design and characterization of a ground-based absolute polarization angle calibrator accurate to better than 0.1° for use with polarization sensitive cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. The calibrator's accuracy requirement is driven by the need to reduce upper limits on cosmic polarization rotation, which is expected to be zero in a large class of cosmological models. Cosmic polarization effects such as cosmic birefringence and primordial magnetic fields can generate spurious B-modes that result in non-zero CMB TB and EB correlations that are degenerate with a misalignment of detector orientation. Common polarized astrophysical sources used for absolute polarization angle calibration have not been characterized to better than 0.5°. Higher accuracy can be achieved through self-calibration methods, however these are subject to astrophysical foreground contamination and inherently assume the absence of effects like cosmic polarization rotation. The deficiencies in these two calibration methods highlight the need for a well characterized polarized source. The calibrator we present utilizes a 76 GHz Gunn oscillator coupled to a frequency doubler, pyramidal horn antenna, and co-rotating wire-grid polarizer. A blackened optics tube was built around the source in order to mitigate stray reflections, attached to a motor-driven rotation stage, then mounted in a blackened aluminum enclosure for further reflection mitigation and robust weatherproofing. We use an accurate bubble level in combination with four precision-grade aluminum planes located within the enclosure to calibrate the source's linear polarization plane with respect to the local gravity vector to better than the 0.1° goal. In 2017 the calibrator was deployed for an engineering test run on the POLARBEAR CMB experiment located in Chile's Atacama Desert and is being upgraded for calibration of the POLARBEAR-2b receiver in 2018. In the following work we present a detailed overview of the calibrator design, systematic control, characterization, deployment, and plans for future CMB experiment absolute polarization calibration.

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