Hybrid integration of ferroelectric thin films is a one possible route for obtaining high-speed electro-optic modulation on photonic integrated platforms. Excellent electro-optic modulators have been shown using the thin film lithium niobate technology which relies on bonding of transfer printing monocrystalline layers onto existing photonic circuits. The Pockels coefficients of lithium niobate are quite good, but lead zirconate (PZT) and barium titanate (BTO) exhibit coefficients that are several factors higher. PZT and BTO layers with high quality are grown using a cheap and up-scalable method of chemical solution deposition. We present electro-optic characterization of these thin films. Progress in the deposition procedure has led to thin films with an excellent effective Pockels coefficient. We demonstrate integrated electro-optic modulators using both PZT and BTO thin films, in combination with both Si and SiN waveguides, demonstrating the versatility and scalability of thin ferroelectric films grown using a wet chemical process.
KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Microelectromechanical systems, Phase shifts, Liquid crystals, Silicon photonics, Silicon, Photonic integrated circuits, Electrodes, Oxides, Back end of line
The demand for efficient actuators in photonics has peaked with increasing popularity for large-scale general-purpose programmable photonics circuits. We present our work to enhance an established silicon photonics platform with low-power micro-electromechanical (MEMS) and liquid crystal (LC) actuators to enable largescale programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
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