Dr. Konrad Henryk Markowski Profile

Marcin Franczyk, Dariusz Pysz, Konrad Markowski, Jolanta Lisowska, Alicja Anuszkiewicz, Rafał Kasztelanic, Tomasz Stefaniuk, Adam Filipkowski, Kazimierz Jędrzejewski, Tomasz Osuch, Ryszard Buczynski

Proceedings Volume 10914, 109140L (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509913

KEYWORDS: Bragg gratings, Glasses, Nanostructuring, Germanium, Refractive index, Ytterbium, Silica, Fiber lasers, Optical fibers, Laser resonators

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2018 Presentation

Noninvasive optoelectronic system for monitoring of the heart and respiratory rate of the patient exposed to MRI scanning (Conference Presentation)

Stanisław Stopiński, Anna Jusza, Krzysztof Anders, Andrzej Kaźmierczak, Konrad Markowski, Tomasz Osuch, Mariusz Krej, Lukasz Dziuda, Paweł Szczepański, Ryszard Piramidowicz

Proceedings Volume 10680, 106800T (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2307594

KEYWORDS: Magnetic resonance imaging, Optoelectronics, Heart, Fiber Bragg gratings, Magnetism, Sensors, Photonic integrated circuits, Diagnostics, Medicine, Optical sensing

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The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique is a powerful diagnostic tool which is nowadays commonly used in many fields of medicine. In some cases, especially of the patients of intensive care units, it is highly recommended or even necessary to provide continuous monitoring of basic physiologic parameters, mainly the heart rate and the respiratory rate, during the MRI scan procedure. The presence of a strong magnetic field within the MRI chamber requires application of non-standard devices and solutions. The monitoring system needs to be immune to the strong magnetic field and simultaneously cannot negatively influence on the results of the scan. Therefore, application of optical sensing technologies could be potentially advantageous to fulfil these requirements. In this work we propose a novel optoelectronic measurement system, dedicated to monitoring of the patient during an MRI scan, immune to strong magnetic field and compatible with the MRI apparatus. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are used as the sensing elements – the strain induced by the patient’s respiration and cardiac activity cause a change of the Bragg wavelength. These changes can be accurately measured and monitored in the time domain. The respiratory and heart rate can be extracted by further processing of the measured signal by dedicated software. The gratings are organized in a network to maximize the effective sensing area. Each of the FBGs has a different Bragg wavelength so that they can be connected in series. The information from the sensors is read out using an interrogator based on an application specific photonic integrated circuit (ASPIC), designed and fabricated in an InP-based generic integration technology. The interrogator comprises a 36-channel arrayed waveguide grating wavelength demultiplexer, which outputs are connected to PIN photodiodes. Such a photonic circuit acts as a spectrometer and allows to reconstruct the reflection spectrum of many gratings simultaneously. An external superluminescent LED is used as the light source, however in the target configuration the source could be monolithically integrated with the interrogator. The Bragg gratings, the interrogator and the SLED are connected with each other using an optical circulator. Initial tests of the monitoring system have been performed using a single fiber Bragg grating as the strain sensor and a commercially available optoelectronic interrogator. The fiber with an inscribed FBG was mounted using an epoxy glue on a PMMA board and deployed under the patient. Two signals can be distinguished out of the measured waves. The first one, with strong and slowly-varying peaks, reflects the respiration of the patient. The second signal, characterized by low-intensity and fast-varying peaks is a result of the cardiac activity. No influence of the magnetic field of the MRI instrument on the sensing system has been observed. The first results have confirmed both the correctness of the approach and the applicability of the system to monitoring the patient’s physical condition during MRI diagnosis. This work was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development, project OPTO-SPARE, grant agreement PBS3/B9/41/2015.

Proceedings Article | 7 August 2017 Paper

Fractional kinetics of compartmental systems: first approach with use digraph-based method

Konrad Andrzej Markowski

Proceedings Volume 10445, 104452J (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2281028

KEYWORDS: Systems modeling, Matrices, Calculus, Tissues, Electrical engineering, Modeling, Physics, Biology, Analytical research, Computing systems

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Proceedings Article | 7 August 2017 Paper

The temperature tracking system based on fiber Bragg grating and Peltier module

Radosław Ławrynowicz, Paweł Gąsior, Konrad Markowski

Proceedings Volume 10445, 104450O (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2280954

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Temperature sensors, Temperature metrology, Sensors, Light sources, Microcontrollers, Environmental sensing, Optical sensors, Crystals, Spectrum analysis

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Proceedings Article | 7 August 2017 Paper

Design and fabrication principles of chirped tapered fiber-Bragg-grating-based Fabry-Perot cavity

Konrad Markowski, Kazimierz Jędrzejewski, Tomasz Osuch

Proceedings Volume 10445, 1044518 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2281104

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Optical fibers, Mirrors, Tapered optical fibers, Refractive index, Resonators, Reflectivity, Manufacturing, Reflectors

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2016 Paper

A dual-parameter tilted fiber Bragg grating-based sensor for liquid level and temperature monitoring

Tomasz Osuch, Tomasz Jurek, Konrad Markowski, Kazimierz Jędrzejewski

Proceedings Volume 10031, 100311I (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2249382

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Fiber optics sensors, Liquids, Temperature metrology, Sensors, Optical testing, Cladding, Refractive index, Optical fibers, Spectrum analysis

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2016 Paper

Custom FBGs inscription using modified phase mask method with precise micro- and nano-positioning

Konrad Markowski, Arkadiusz Perka, Kazimierz Jędrzejewski, Tomasz Osuch

Proceedings Volume 10031, 100311H (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2249381

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Apodization, Refractive index, Reflectivity, Phase shift keying, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Fabrication, Modulation, Diffraction gratings, Fringe analysis

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2016 Paper

Optimization of group delay response of (apodized) tapered fiber Bragg grating by shaping taper transition and apodization window

Konrad Markowski, Kazimierz Jędrzejewski, Tomasz Osuch

Proceedings Volume 10031, 100311G (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2249380

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Apodization, Algorithms, Refractive index, Optimization (mathematics), Process modeling, Dispersion, Manufacturing, Ultraviolet radiation, Waveguides

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2015 Paper

Temperature monitoring system using correlated FBGs

Mateusz Mądry, Konrad Markowski, Kazimierz Jędrzejewski, Elżbieta Bereś-Pawlik

Proceedings Volume 9634, 963477 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2194812

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Sensors, Temperature metrology, Geometrical optics, Optical sensors, Sensor networks, Optical design, Modulation, Temperature sensors, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 25 November 2014 Paper

Fibre Bragg grating for flood embankment monitoring

Konrad Markowski, Stanislau Nevar, Adam Dworzanski, Krzysztof Hackiewicz, Kazimierz Jędrzejewski

Proceedings Volume 9290, 92900W (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076071

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Sensors, Floods, Refractive index, Ultraviolet radiation, Photodiodes, Indium gallium arsenide, Amplifiers, Distributed computing, Telecommunications

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Proceedings Article | 25 November 2014 Paper

Impact of the fibre characteristics on four-wave mixing in the 1310-nm wavelength domain

Konrad Markowski, Jarosław Turkiewicz

Proceedings Volume 9290, 92900X (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076076

KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, Four wave mixing, Dispersion, Dense wavelength division multiplexing, Refractive index, Modulation, Modulators, Signal detection, Fiber characterization, Telecommunications

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Proceedings Article | 25 November 2014 Paper

Impact of fiber ring laser configuration on detection capabilities in FBG based sensor systems

Tomasz Osuch, Tomasz Kossek, Konrad Markowski

Proceedings Volume 9290, 92900Y (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076077

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Fiber lasers, Optical amplifiers, Sensors, Mode locking, Sensing systems, Ions, Neodymium, Laser applications

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Proceedings Article | 25 November 2014 Paper

Inscription of the fibre Bragg gratings with femtosecond lasers

Konrad Markowski, Paweł Gąsior

Proceedings Volume 9290, 92900Z (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076078

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Femtosecond phenomena, Structured optical fibers, Sensors, Cladding, Silica, Refractive index, Ionization, Germanium, Fabrication

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 2014 Paper

Numerical and experimental studies of dispersion characteristics of tapered fiber Bragg gratings under the influence of axial strain

Konrad Markowski, Tomasz Osuch

Proceedings Volume 9228, 92280T (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2067072

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Optical fibers, Dispersion, Refractive index, Systems modeling, Tapered optical fibers, Fringe analysis, Telecommunications, Fiber optic components, Microwave photonics

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Proceedings Article | 12 May 2014 Paper

Accelerated-aging tests of fiber Bragg gratings written in hydrogen loaded tapered optical fibers

Tomasz Osuch, Dorota Herman, Konrad Markowski, Kazimierz Jędrzejewski

Proceedings Volume 9228, 922808 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066856

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Hydrogen, Optical fibers, Annealing, Tapered optical fibers, Reflectivity, Fabrication, Temperature metrology, Telecommunications, Reliability

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Proceedings Article | 25 October 2013 Paper

Modeling of fiber Bragg gratings written in tapered optical fibers

Konrad Markowski, Tomasz Osuch

Proceedings Volume 8903, 89030U (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2035432

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Wave propagation, Tapered optical fibers, Refractive index, Radio propagation, Optical fibers, Electromagnetic radiation, Structured optical fibers, Systems modeling, Telecommunications

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Proceedings Article | 25 October 2013 Paper

Optical microphone based on Sagnac interferometer with polarization maintaining optical fibers

Konrad Markowski, Jarosław Turkiewicz, Tomasz Osuch

Proceedings Volume 8903, 89030Q (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2035415

KEYWORDS: Sagnac interferometers, Polarization maintaining fibers, Acoustics, Signal detection, Refractive index, Photodetectors, Mathematics, Optical fibers, Polarization, Modulation

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