KEYWORDS: Lung, 3D microstructuring, 3D image processing, Synchrotron radiation, Principal component analysis, Arteries, 3D image reconstruction, Stereoscopy, Image processing algorithms and systems, Image filtering
3D microstructural analysis of the human lung can provide unknown information about lung growth and progression of lung diseases. In this study, the alveolar walls of alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs of normal adult lungs were analyzed and classified into primary and secondary septa. The procedure is as follows. (1) 11 lung specimens were prepared by the Heitzman's method, (2) 3D micro-CT experiments were executed using BL20B2 at SPring-8, (3) Alveolar walls were extracted from 3D reconstructed images (12,429 × 12,429 × 4,800, pixel size 3 μm), and (4) Primary and secondary septa were classified by principal component analysis of alveolar walls. 3D structure of alveolar ducts and alveolar walls in normal adult lungs were clarified.
Three-dimensional microstructural analysis of human infant, adult, and diseased lungs can help us understand lung growth and disease progression. Three-dimensional analysis of alveolar sacs and alveolar ducts is fundamental. However, it has not been done completely due to technical limitations. In this study, we will acquire ultra-high resolution 3D CT images by large-field synchrotron radiation micro-CT and reveal the 3D structure of alveolar septa and alveolar sacs by CT image analysis.
Progressive life-threatening lung disease is serious illness. Quantitative three-dimensional (3D) analysis of microstructure of human lung provides detailed information to understand the onset and progression of lung disease. We reported how to analyze normal structures of pulmonary lobule. This study is to elucidate 3D microstructures of emphysema. Two specimens of emphysema are examined using SRμCT. Compare 3D microstructures of bronchial and vasculature between emphysema and normal lungs. Eleven lung specimens were inflated and fixed using the Heitzman fixation method. These measurement experiments were performed at 20 or 25 keV X-ray energy on the SPring-8 beamline BL20B2. The reconstructed 3D image is about 13,370 x 13,370 x 4,900 voxels with an isotropic voxel size of 3μm. Vasculature and bronchi were extracted using a hierarchical algorithm with curvature analysis. The capillary bed and alveoli clusters of normal lung and emphysema were analyzed. In the case of emphysema, large alveoli clusters and thinner capillary beds were observed.
Quantitative analyses of three-dimensional (3D) micro structures in human lungs can provide detailed information to elucidate pulmonary disease progress. The pulmonary blood vessels, have so far been studied morphologically and functionally from various aspects. However, there are problems with low spatial resolution or limited field of view. In this study, we propose an extraction method for pulmonary blood vessels like to capillary beds. 3D microstructure of vascular systems is visualized by analyzing of high-resolution dual-energy CT images using large-field high-resolution x-ray micro-CT.
Quantitative analyses of three-dimensional (3D) micro structures in human lungs can provide detailed information to elucidate pulmonary disease progress. The observation of tissue specimens in two-dimensional (2D) slice of lungs has a limited understanding of the whole of 3D lung peripheral structures. A 3D analysis of the human pulmonary acinus is fundamental to understand lung structure. However, we cannot yet thoroughly understand the 3D lung microstructure because of technical limitations. The lung specimens used in this study were fixed, inflated and dried according to the Heitzman method. Each lung specimen was taken in the beam line BL20B2 at SPring8. The present findings may give further insight in the 3D lung microstructure.
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