Multiplex imaging facilities biological studies in multicellular dynamics in living organisms due to its molecular specificity, 3D subcellular resolution, and deep tissue penetration. However, one major bottleneck is detecting and resolving multiplexed signals of weak fluorescence due to a tradeoff between signal throughput and spectral resolution. Here, we demonstrate high-speed, programmable, and broadband excitation encoding to enhance sensitivity without sacrificing signal throughput in multiplex multiphoton imaging. We utilize a 22-kHz programmable digital micromirror device to modulate the spectrum of a high-power broadband laser, achieving versatile excitation encoding schemes with a 750-nm bandwidth in the NIR regime. The proposed method will benefit applications that demand high-speed and high-content performance, including hyperspectral multiphoton microscopy and computational spectroscopy.
Achieving high-precision light manipulation is crucial for delivering information through complex media with high fidelity. Digital micromirror devices (DMDs) have emerged as a promising candidate as high-speed wavefront shaping devices but at the cost of compromised fidelity, largely due to the limited degrees of freedom and the challenge of optimizing a binary amplitude mask. Here we leverage the properties of sparse-to-dense transformation in complex media and introduce a sparsity-constrained optimization framework. The proposed optimization framework could enhance existing holographic setups without changes to the hardware, and enable high-fidelity and high-speed wavefront shaping through different scattering media and platforms.
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