ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defense and security industry and public research institutes from five nations: France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden. ECOMOS will use and combine existing European tools, to build up a strong competitive position. In Europe, there are two well-accepted approaches for providing TA performance data: the German TRM (Thermal Range Model) model and the Netherlands TOD (Triangle Orientation Discrimination) method. ECOMOS will include both approaches. The TRM model predicts TA performance analytically, whereas the TOD prediction model utilizes the TOD test method, imaging simulation and a Human Visual System model in order to assess device performance. For the characterization of atmosphere and environment, ECOMOS uses the French model and software MATISSE (Modélisation Avancée de la Terre pour l'Imagerie et la Simulation des Scènes et de leur Environnement). The first software implementation of ECOMOS has been finalized in spring 2019. In this presentation, the key features implemented in the current version are elucidated. In addition, the final ECOMOS software structure as well as an overview of the user guidance within ECOMOS are shown.
ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defence and security industry and public research institutes from France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden.
ECOMOS uses and combines well-accepted existing European tools to build up a strong competitive position. This includes two TA models: the analytical TRM4 model and the image-based TOD model. In addition, it uses the atmosphere model MATISSE.
In this paper, the central idea of ECOMOS is exposed. The overall software structure and the underlying models are shown and elucidated. The status of the project development is given as well as a short discussion of validation tests and an outlook on the future potential of simulation for sensor assessment.
ECOMOS is a multinational effort within the framework of an EDA Project Arrangement. Its aim is to provide a generally accepted and harmonized European computer model for computing nominal Target Acquisition (TA) ranges of optronic imagers operating in the Visible or thermal Infrared (IR). The project involves close co-operation of defence and security industry and public research institutes from France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands and Sweden. ECOMOS uses and combines well-accepted existing European tools to build up a strong competitive position. This includes two TA models: the analytical TRM4 model and the image-based TOD model. In addition, it uses the atmosphere model MATISSE. In this paper, the central idea of ECOMOS is exposed. The overall software structure and the underlying models are shown and elucidated. The status of the project development is given as well as a short outlook on validation tests and the future potential of simulation for sensor assessment.
The validation of the sea surface infrared optical properties multiresolution model developed at ONERA is investigated
by comparison with measurements. The images were obtained during the MIRAMER campaign that took place in May
2008 in the Mediterranean Sea. The sea radiance model and optical properties are expressed and the experimental setup
of the campaign is briefly presented. We focus on solar glint measurements collected the 22 th of May at 5 h 59mn 50s
in the MWIR bandwidth on-board the R/V ATALANTE at grazing observational angle. A sensitivity analysis of glitter
radiance on atmospheric and aerosol profiles in the vicinity of the measured contextual parameters is presented. Modelled
and measured images are compared and results are delved further by comparisons of histograms, averaged vertical and
horizontal profiles. Errors are under those potentially due to calibration. Finally, a sensitivity analysis upon uncertainties
on contextual parameters involved in sea radiance computation is made.
Generally available satellite images, e. g. from the MODIS sensor, provide data in spectral bands, which are suitable for
remote sensing applications and earth surface observations. However, for some applications different bands as well as
specific cloud formations for a certain region may be of interest, thus making the simulation of background data
essential. Therefore, the software MATISSE ("Advanced Modeling of the Earth for Environment and Scenes
Simulation") proved to be the appropriate tool. MATISSE is an infrared background scene generator developed by
ONERA for computing natural background spectral radiance images including atmosphere, sea, land and high and low
altitude clouds. In order to validate the model, comparisons with MODIS satellite data have been carried out using
images in available spectral bands. The investigations comprised selected surface structures like sea, desert, lowland
(dry) and highlands (humid). In general, the results on radiance images show a good correlation between MODIS image
and the MATISSE-simulation.
This paper focuses on comparing results between simulated MATISSE radiance images and the MODIS observations.
Based on this, possible sources of error and the limits of the model are discussed.
MATISSE (Advanced Modeling of the Earth for Environment and Scenes Simulation) is an infrared background scene
generator developed for computing natural background spectral radiance images. The code also provides atmospheric
radiatives quantities along lines of sight. Spectral bandwidth ranges from 0.4 to 14 μm. Natural backgrounds include
atmosphere, sea, land and high and low altitude clouds. The new version MATISSE-v2.0, released this year, has been
designed to treat spatial multi resolution in the generated images in order to be able to reach metric spatial variability in
pixels footprints. Moreover, MATISSE-v2.0 includes a new sea surface radiance model (water waves and surface optical
properties) which depends on wind speed, wind direction and fetch value. Preliminary validations using radiometric
measurements have been conducted concerning sea radiances and give promising results. In order to go further in the
validation process of MATISSE-v2.0, comparisons with MODIS satellite images have been led. The results of
comparing the simulated MATISSE images radiances with the MODIS observations show that the code is performing
well. This paper gives a description of MATISSE-v2.0 new functionalities and focus on first results on comparison
between MATISSE/MODIS images radiances.
We improve the validation of the sea surface infrared optical properties multiresolution model implemented in
MATISSE-v2.0, in the 1D case, by comparison with a reference model using a sub-millimeter discretization of
the surface. A set of numerical tests is made for various wind speeds, resolutions and realizations of the sea
surface. The tests show a good agreement between the results except for grazing angles, where the influence of
inner and mutual multiple reflections and adjacent shadowing has still to be investigated.
MATISSE which acronym means Advanced Modeling of the Earth for Environment and Scenes Simulation is an
infrared background scene generator developed by Onera since the mid 1990'. MATISSE main goal is to compute
radiance images of natural backgrounds and radiative quantities such as local illumination, spectral transmission, and
spectral radiance along lines of sight.
The new version MATISSE-v2.0 has been completed during the first quarter of 2010 and the public version is going to
be released in few weeks. This latest version uses a multi resolution spatial scheme in order to treat the natural
backgrounds with spatial footprint from kilometre sizes (satellite viewing) down to metric sizes. Up to now, this spatial
scheme has been used in order to generate infrared images of sea surface. The new sea surface model (water waves and
surface optical properties) has been partially validated by using a specific Mediterranean campaign. MATISSE-v2.0 is
also accompanied with a new set of GUI (graphical user interface) in order to help the user in defining its computational
case. The code is also designed in order to be interfaced with other applications.
Our presentation will be devoted to a description of MATISSE-v2.0 new features, with examples of sea surface scenes
exemplifying the new code functionalities.
The MIRAMER field campaign took place in the Mediterranean Sea during May 2008, both ground-based and on board
an oceanographic ship. Radiometric datasets along with the associated environmental measurements have been collected
in various environmental and observation conditions. It is dedicated to the validation of the sea surface optical properties
model implemented in the MATISSE-v2.0 code.
This analytical sea surface optical properties model in the infrared band is described. It allows the introduction of multiresolution
in the simulated field-of-view answering the need in computed images including any observational
configurations. It is valid for fully-developed seas, includes shadowing and hiding functions but not breaking and foam
nor multiple reflections.
First comparisons between simulations and measurements are presented in this paper.
MATISSE is a background scene generator developed for the computation of natural background spectral radiance
images and useful atmospheric radiatives quantities (radiance and transmission along a line of sight, local illumination,
solar irradiance ...). The spectral bandwidth ranges from 0.4 to 14 μm. Natural backgrounds include atmosphere (taking
into account spatial variability), low and high altitude clouds, sea and land. The current version MATISSE-v1.5 can be
run on SUN and IBM workstations as well as on PC under Windows and Linux environment. An IHM developed under
Java environment is also implemented.
MATISSE-v2.0 recovers all the MATISSE-v1.5 functionalities, and includes a new sea surface radiance model
depending on wind speed, wind direction and the fetch value. The release of this new version in planned for April 2009.
This paper gives a description of MATISSE-v1.5 and MATISSE-v2.0 and shows preliminary comparison results
between generated images and measured images during the MIRAMER campaign, which hold in May 2008 in the
Mediterranean Sea.
The purpose of this paper is to take into account the spatial variability of a wind-roughened sea surface from 1-meter to
large scale including sub-metric variability. An analytical model of infrared sea surface optical properties based on a
statistical approach is proposed. We introduce a new two-scale model consisting in superimposing the small scale
variability (smaller than the pixel footprint) to the large scale one. The analytical expressions given in literature are
extended to account for any slope mean vector-value and covariance matrix, and the statistical properties are determined
for the resolution required by the observational configuration.
Verifications of the physical validity of this new approach are presented. They globally show a good agreement. A bias is
observed at grazing angles, mainly explained by the fact that the multiple reflections are ignored.
Our model has also been implemented for the generation of synthetic sea surface radiance images, showing its ability to
produce good quality ocean scenes in various contextual conditions.
This paper concerns the presentation of the MATISSE-v1.4 code whose main functionality is computation of spectral or integrated natural background radiance images. The spectral bandwidth ranges from 765 to 3300 cm-1 (3 to 13 μm) with a 5 cm-1 resolution. Natural backgrounds include the atmosphere, low and high altitude clouds, sea and land. The most particular functionality of the code is to take into account atmospheric spatial variability quantities (temperatures, mixing ratio, etc) along each line of sight of the image. In addition to image generation capacity, the code computes atmospheric radiance and transmission along a line of sight with the same spectral characteristics as in imaging mode. In this case, atmospheric refraction effects and radiation from high or low altitude clouds can be taken into account. A high spectral resolution mode is also available to propagate radiation from a high temperature medium in the same atmospheric state as that used for the image generation. Moreover, an Application Programming Interface (API) is included to facilitate its use in conjunction with external codes. In comparison with the previous version, the main improvement of MATISSE-v1.4 concerns the line of sight mode, the possibility to use a user atmospheric profile and computations in the Maritime Boundary Layer. This paper describes the range of functionalities of MATISSE-v1.4 as well as future developments.
This paper presents the MATISSE-v1.4 code whose main functionality is to compute spectral or integrated natural background radiance images. The spectral bandwidth extends from 765 to 3300 cm-1 (3 to 13 μm) with a 5 cm-1 resolution. Natural backgrounds include the atmosphere, low and high altitude clouds, sea and land. The most particular functionality of the code is to take into account atmospheric spatial variability quantities (temperatures, mixing ratio, etc) along each line of sight of the image. In addition to image generation capacity, the code computes atmospheric radiance and transmission along a line of sight with the same spectral characteristics as in imaging mode. In this case atmospheric refraction effects and radiation from high or low altitude clouds can be taken into account. A high spectral resolution mode is also available to propagate radiation from a high temperature medium in the same atmospheric state as that used for the image generation. Finally, an Application Programming Interface (API) is included to facilitate its use in conjunction with external codes. This paper describes the range of functionalities of MATISSE-v1.4 whose release is planned for April 2006. Future developments are also presented.
In this paper we present MATISSE 1.1 a new background scene generator, whose goal is to compute spectral or integrated radiance images of natural background, as well as the transmission of a hot gas signature.
The spectral bandwidth for this version of the code is from 750 to 3300 cm-1 (3 to 13 μm) with a 5 cm-1 resolution. Gaseous absorption is computed by a Correlated K model. The spatial variability of atmospheric quantities (temperatures and mixing ratios, among others) is taken into account, using variable profiles along the line of sight.
Natural backgrounds include the atmospheric background, low altitude clouds and the Earth ground. The radiation models used are designed for observation at low spatial resolution of clouds and soils, so a texture model was developed to increase the high spatial resolution rendering in the metric range.
Intermediate outputs of the code deliver radiance and transmission restricted to a single line of sight, in which case atmospheric refraction effects are taken into account. Along this line of sight the transmission can also be computed using a line-by-line model, which is useful to propagate the radiation emitted by a hot gas source (fires, aircraft or missile plume).
MATISSE 1.1 was released in June 2002, so this paper is devoted to a presentation of the first results obtained with the code and some validation tests.
MATISSE is a new atmospheric radiative transfer code currently under development at Onera. Its purpose is to compute background radiance images by taking into account atmospheric, cloud and ground radiation and the variability of atmospheric properties. Propagation is calculated using a Correlated K model (CK) developed at Onera. The spectral range is between 3 to 13 micrometers with a resolution of 5 cm-1. Weather forecast outputs and aerosol climatology are used as inputs to account for spatial variability of atmospheric properties in radiance computations. Partial stratocumulus cloud cover can be generated and the radiation computations use Independent Pixel Approximation (IPA) and Bidirectional Reflectivity Distribution Functions (BRDF). Ground emission and reflectance are computed from spectral emissivities, BRDF and a simple thermal model for the local ground temperature. Databases include a Digital Terrain Elevation (DTED) and a land use database with 30' spatial resolution. Texture models are used to add realistic ground and cloud clutter down to 10 meter resolution. A line-by-line model is included to compute the spectral intensity propagated from high temperature exhaust plumes. Refraction effects are computed, but only along one single line of sight.
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