Ms. Madeline Melzer Profile

Madeline Melzer

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2022 Paper

Distinguishing photothermal from photochemical damage processes at 447 nm

Madeline Melzer, Priscilla Lopez, Gary Noojin, Amanda Tijerina, Harvey Hodnett, Matthew Macasadia, Michael Denton

Proceedings Volume 11958, 1195806 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2609049

KEYWORDS: In vitro testing, Cell death, Laser damage threshold, Thermal modeling, Data modeling, Proteins, Laser induced damage, In vivo imaging, Cameras, Luminescence

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Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells undergo damage from laser exposure in the visible spectrum in a pigment-dependent manner. Achieving photothermal damage with short laser exposures require irradiances that generate significant temperature rise, even for wavelengths having photon energies sufficiently great enough to generate photochemical damage. To force photochemical damage, one typically exposes for long durations using relatively low irradiance. What mechanisms are responsible for damage caused by exposure durations between the short and long durations producing photothermal and photochemical damage, respectively? To address this question, we used microthermography in real-time with laser exposure in our artificially pigmented in vitro retinal model. We compared threshold peak temperatures for damage at exposure durations between 0.1 – 165 s at 447 nm, with those from 647 nm. The threshold temperature rises at 647 nm provided an example of purely photothermal damage processes. Because photons at 447 nm have sufficient energy to generate photochemical damage, the threshold temperature rises for this wavelength provided a measure of the photothermal component of what appears to be mixed damage mechanisms in the intermediate exposure durations. Differences between threshold temperatures at 647 nm and 447 nm help to define the degree to which the blue light contributes to the overall damage by way of the photochemical damage processes.

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