In this paper, we propose an innovative concept for an optical payload for Earth Observation, which operates in the medium infrared, based on two emerging technological approaches: super-resolution and compressive sensing. The aim is to improve payload performances in terms of ground spatial resolution and mitigation of some effects, such as saturation and blooming, that are often a limit for obtaining high quality level products in many application domains, such as the detection and monitoring of fire, lava, and, more generally, hotspots. Both approaches are based on the use of a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), an optoelectronic device consisting of an array of micro-mirrors electronically actuated. The main advantages of the proposed concept consist in: (1) increased ground spatial resolution with respect to the number of pixels of the detector used; (2) expected mitigation of the blooming and saturation effects of the single pixel when high temperature hotspots are observed; (3) compressed-format capture typical of compressive sensing, which eliminates the need for a separate compression card, saving mass, memory and energy consumption.
KEYWORDS: MODIS, Geographic information systems, Synthetic aperture radar, Satellites, Sensors, Data processing, Computing systems, Visualization, Space sensors, Global Positioning System
The Project called Sistema Rischio Vulcanico (SRV) is funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) in the frame of the
National Space Plan 2003-2005 under the Earth Observations section for natural risks management. The SRV Project is
coordinated by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) which is responsible at national level for the
volcanic monitoring. The objective of the project is to develop a pre-operative system based on EO data and ground
measurements integration to support the volcanic risk monitoring of the Italian Civil Protection Department which
requirements and need are well integrated in the GMES Emergency Core Services program. The project philosophy is to
implement, by incremental versions, specific modules which allow to process, store and visualize through Web GIS tools
EO derived parameters considering three activity phases: 1) knowledge and prevention; 2) crisis; 3) post crisis. In order
to combine effectively the EO data and the ground networks measurements the system will implement a multi-parametric
analysis tool, which represents and unique tool to analyze contemporaneously a large data set of data in
"near real time". The SRV project will be tested his operational capabilities on three Italian Volcanoes: Etna,Vesuvio
and Campi Flegrei.
Hyper/Multispectral data provide information about characteristic of natural and antropic surfaces. In order to retrieve
the mineralogical species composing the Castel Porziano Beach (CPB), remote sensed data needs to be atmospherically
corrected. In this work a new tool for the atmospheric correction for spaceborne EO data, based on MODTRAN and 6S
codes, and developed on IDL/ENVI platform will be proposed and tested using NASA HYPERION and ASTER data. In
this paper the capability to identify mineral association composing the sand of the CPB emerged beach, using
hyperspectral data is shown. In order to define the mineralogical composition of the collected sample, SEM EMPA
(Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron MicroProbe Analyser) and optical polarizing microscopy analysis have
been done. Results have been compared with 300 measurements performed directly on the CPB sand and 300
measurement acquired in the laboratory, both using an ASD-Fieldspec.
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