Results from a quantitative model for the prediction of the sea-salt mass flux produced in the surf zone
are presented in this paper. The model relates the surf zone sea salt mass flux to the amount of wave
energy dissipated in the surf zone. In order to apply this aerosol emission model, a wave numerical
model is required to obtain estimates for the total wave energy dissipated in the surf zone, as well as for
the width of the surf zone. In the present work, we show using different wave models that the aerosol
emission model is not sensitive to the details of the formulation of the wave model, provided a clear
definition for the width of surf zone is adopted and the calibration of the numerical models is properly
done.
The quality of long range infrared (IR) imaging depends on the effects of atmospheric refraction and other pathintegrated effects (e.g., transmission losses, scintillation and blurring), which are strongly related to the prevailing meteorological conditions. EOSTAR is a PC based computer program to quantify these strong nonlinear effects in the marine atmospheric surface layer and to present a spectrally resolved target image influenced by atmospheric effects using ray tracing techniques for the individual camera pixels. Presently, the propagation is predicted with bulk atmospheric models and the sea surface is idealized by steady regular periodic Stokes' waves. Dynamical wind-waves interactions are not taken into account in this approach, although they may strongly modify the refractive index in the near-surface layer. Nonetheless, the inclusion of the sea surface in the ray tracer module already has a great impact on the near-surface grazing rays and thus influences the images especially in situations of super refraction and mirage. This work aims at improving the description of the sea surface in EOSTAR taking into account the non-uniformity of spatially resolved wind-generated waves and swell. A new surface module is developed to model surface wind-waves and swell in EOSTAR on the basis of meteorological observations and spectral wave modeling. Effects due to these new surfaces will be analyzed and presented.
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