Experiments for the retrieval of the high-detailed spatial NO2 distribution in the troposphere using measurements of the GSA instrument onboard satellites of Resurs-P series were performed in 2016-2017. The authors developed an algorithm to obtain the tropospheric NO2 2D distribution with the horizontal spatial resolution reaching 2,4 km for the first time at the world level and provided on a grid with a step of 120 m. The high spatial resolution of the NO2 space measurements allowed the identification of local sources of NO2 pollution and their plumes from space observations. To validate the fine structures detected in the NO2 fields of GSA/Resurs-P, we perform comparisons with chemical transport models. The paper presents preliminary results of a comparison with a new model which is based on a numerical-asymptotic approach. The comparison was performed for NO2 observations on September 29, 2016 over Hebei province, the North China Plain. We propose, in particular, a new efficient approach using this model to obtain estimates of emissions from local anthropogenic sources based on GSA/Resurs-P observational data. To validate the coarse structures in the GSA/Resurs-P NO2 field, in this paper, we perform comparisons of our data based on spectral imagery of Tokyo region, Japan, taken in March-April 2017 with observations of OMI/Aura and TROPOMI/Sentinel-5P. The comparison confirmed the reliability of the GSA NO2 fields in general.
Recently, there has been a significant increase in the anthropogenic impact on the environment, including on the atmosphere. Therefore, it is very important to understand the mechanisms of transport of pollutants and to have reliable estimates of the impact of various factors on the transport of atmospheric impurities. Ground-based measuring stations allow local continuous observations, characterized by high accuracy. The main disadvantage of ground-based measurements is the low density of measuring stations, which does not allow reproducing the concentration fields of pollutants. Remote methods include, in particular, satellite observations, the main advantage of which is the ability to cover a large area, but, as a rule, they have rather low spatial resolution. In contrast, this work utilizes new satellite technology providing data with high space resolution. However, for a more detailed description, it is necessary to supplement the measurement data with mathematical modeling of various degrees of complexity. This work is devoted to the construction of a model of NOx transport from local ground sources with high spatial resolution which take into account chemical transformations. To achieve a high spatial resolution, the model uses a numerical solution of a system of three-dimensional reaction-diffusion-advection equations that takes into account the kinetic equations describing chemical reactions. Information on wind speed, temperature and pressure fields are obtained using the HYSPLIT model. The turbulent transport is described using a first-order closure model, where the turbulent diffusion coefficient parameterization is based on data on the friction velocity and the boundary layer height. Validation of the model was carried out by comparing the results of calculations with high-detailed spatial NO2 distributions obtained using measurements of the GSA instrument onboard the Resurs-P satellite.
Using measurements of the GSA instrument onboard the Resurs-P satellite, the authors performed an experiment for the retrieval of the high-detailed spatial NO2 distribution in the troposphere. The authors developed an algorithm to obtain the tropospheric NO2 2D distribution with the horizontal spatial resolution reaching 2.4 km for the first time at the world level and provided on a grid with a step of 120 m. The high spatial resolution of the NO2 space measurements for the first time allowed the identification of local sources of NO2 pollution and their plumes. Earlier, we compared our large-scale NO2 distribution structures with measurements from another satellite instrument, OMI, and obtained a reasonable agreement between the NO2 fields taken by the two systems on September 29, 2016 for Hebei province, the North China Plain, which is the most NO2 polluted area in the world. For the validation of fine structures detected in the NO2 fields of GSA/Resurs-P, we are developing methods based on comparisons with numerical models. The paper presents preliminary results of comparisons of the GSA/Resurs-P tropospheric NO2 measurements with simulations performed by models describing the transport of impurities in the atmosphere with different accuracy.
In 2016 the authors performed space experiments to obtain the tropospheric NO2 field with the horizontal spatial resolution for the first time at the world level reaching 2.4 km. The NO2 fields were restored based on spectral measurements of GSA instrument installed on board the Russian satellites of the Resurs-P series. For the first time, the high spatial resolution of the new method makes it possible to identify local sources of NO2 pollution and their plumes. Good agreement with OMI NO2 observations with resolution 13 km x 24 km confirmed the reliability of the obtained Resurs-P NO2 fields in general. For the validation of high-detailed structures detected in the NO2 fields of GSA/Resurs-P, we are developing methods based on comparisons with chemical transport models. The comparison is performed for Hebei province, the North China Plain, which is the most NO2 polluted area in the world, using Resurs-P data obtained on September 29, 2016. The paper presents preliminary comparison of the Resurs-P tropospheric NO2 field with simulation based on HYSPLIT transport model. For the solution of the problem a high-detailed chemical transport model based on a solution of the nonlinear heat and mass transfer equation is under development. A theoretical background of the methods of asymptotic analysis of multidimensional singularly perturbed problems for the nonlinear heat and mass transfer equation is proposed.
An experiment for the retrieval of the high-detailed spatial NO2 distribution in the troposphere using measurements of the GSA instrument onboard the Resurs-P satellite was performed in 2016. The authors developed an algorithm to obtain the tropospheric NO2 2D distribution with the horizontal spatial resolution reaching 2,4 km for the first time at the world level and provided on a grid with a step of 120 m. The high spatial resolution of the NO2 space measurements for the first time allowed the identification of local sources of NO2 pollution and their plumes. The paper presents preliminary results of validation of the GSA high-detailed NO2 field obtained on September 29, 2016 for Hebei province, the North China Plain, which is the most NO2 polluted area in the world. To validate the coarse structures in the obtained NO2 field we performed comparisons with OMI NO2 observations having the resolution of 13 km x 24 km. The comparison confirmed the reliability of the GSA NO2 fields in general. For the validation of fine structures detected in the NO2 fields of GSA/Resurs-P, we are developing methods based on comparisons with chemical transport models. The paper presents preliminary comparison of the Resurs-P tropospheric NO2 field with simulation based on HYSPLIT dispersion model. For the solution of the problem, a high-detailed chemical transport model is under the development.
The authors are developing methods for the determination of the emissions from urban sources of key impurities basing on surface and high-detailed satellite measurements. For the applications in these researches we develop a simplified parameterized model of chemical transformations in the atmosphere. This work is devoted to estimation of the effective lifetimes and the decay rates of nitrogen oxides (NOx) entering the atmosphere as a result of emissions of industrial enterprises basing on chemical-transport simulation. The estimation of effective decay rates, which allows to relatively simply parameterize chemical processes occurring in a plume, is necessary for further use in transport models based on systems of the diffusion-reaction-advection equations and describing the behavior of the plume. The effective decay rates are calculated as the inverse of the times over which the concentrations of the corresponding nitrogen oxides decrease by e times compared to their maximum values. The dependence of their concentrations on time is found by solving a system of kinetic equations describing the reactions occurring in the plume. For the numerical solution of the Cauchy problem, a finite-difference scheme is used that takes into account the structure of the kinetic equations and has the second order of the approximation error.
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