Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to provide anatomical information of biological systems but can also provide functional information by characterizing the motion of intracellular structures. Dynamic light scattering OCT was performed on intact, control MCF-7 breast cancer cells and cells either treated with paclitaxel to induce apoptosis or deprived of nutrients to induce oncosis. Autocorrelations (ACs) of the temporal fluctuations of OCT intensity signals demonstrate a significant decrease in decorrelation time after 24 h in both the paclitaxel-treated and nutrient-deprived cell groups but no significant differences between the two groups. The acquired ACs were then used as input for the CONTIN deconvolution algorithm, and all produced CONTIN outputs with three distinct peaks for all experimental conditions. After 24 h of either paclitaxel treatment or nutrient deprivation, the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the first peak increased significantly while the AUC of the third peak decreased significantly. These results lend strong support to the hypothesis that ACs acquired from cells are composed of multiple components that correspond to light scattered by different subcellular structures and organelles.
In this study, we present a technique to image the enhanced particle displacement generated using an acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitation source. A swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) system with a center wavelength of 1310nm, a bandwidth of ~100nm, and an A-scan rate of 100 kHz (MEMS-VCSEL OCT Thorlabs) was used to detect gold nanoparticle (70nm in diameter) displacement .ARF was applied after the nanoparticles passed through a porous membrane and diffused into a collagen (6% collagen) matrix. B-mode, M-B mode, 3D and Speckle Variance (SV) images were acquired before and after the ARF beam was on. Differential OCT speckle variance images with and without the ARF were used to measure the particle displacement. The images were used to detect the microscopic enhancement of nanoparticle displacement generated by the ARF. Using this OCT imaging technique, the extravasation of particles though a porous membrane and characterization of the enhanced particle displacement in a collagen gel after using an ARF excitation was achieved.
In this work, we explored the potential of measuring shear wave propagation using Optical Coherence Elastography (OCE) in MCF7 cell modules (comprised of MCF7 cells and collagen) and based on a swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Shear waves were generated using a piezoelectric transducer transmitting sine-wave bursts of 400 μs, synchronized with an OCT swept source wavelength sweep imaging system. Acoustic radiation force was applied to the MCF7 cell constructs. Differential OCT phase maps, measured with and without the acoustic radiation force, demonstrate microscopic displacement generated by shear wave propagation in these modules. The OCT phase maps are acquired with a swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) system. We also calculated the tissue mechanical properties based on the propagating shear waves in the MCF7 + collagen phantoms using the Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) of an ultrasound transducer, and measured the shear wave speed with the OCT phase maps. This method lays the foundation for future studies of mechanical property measurements of breast cancer structures, with applications in the study of breast cancer pathologies.
In this work, we explored the potential of measuring shear wave propagation using Optical Coherence Elastography (OCE) in a layered phantom and based on a swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Shear waves were generated using a piezoelectric transducer transmitting sine-wave bursts of 400 μs, synchronized with an OCT swept source wavelength sweep imaging system. The acoustic radiation force was applied to layered phantoms. The phantoms were composed of gelatin and titanium dioxide. Differential OCT phase maps, measured with and without the acoustic radiation force, demonstrate microscopic displacement generated by shear wave propagation in these phantoms of different stiffness. The OCT phase maps are acquired with a swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) system. We present a technique for calculating tissue mechanical properties by propagating shear waves in inhomogeneous tissue equivalent phantoms using the Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) of an ultrasound transducer, and measuring the shear wave speed and its associated properties in the different layers with OCT phase maps. This method lays the foundation for future studies of mechanical property measurements of heterogeneous tissue structures, with applications in the study of aneurysms and other intravascular pathologies.
Precision depth control of bone resection is necessary for safe surgical procedures in the spine. In this paper, we compare the control and quality of cutting bovine tail bone, as an ex vivo model of laminectomy and bony resection simulating spinal surgery, planned with micro-CT data and executed using two approaches: (a) mechanical milling guided by optical topographical imaging (OTI) and (b) optical milling using closed-loop inline coherent imaging (ICI) to monitor and control the incision depth of a high-power 1070 nm fiber laser in situ. OTI provides the in situ topology of the 2-dimensional surface of the bone orientation in the mechanical mill which is registered with the treatment plan derived from the micro-CT data. The coregistration allows the plan to be programmed into the mill which is then used as a benchmark of current surgical techniques. For laser cutting, 3D optical land marking with coaxial camera vision and the ICI system is used to coregister the treatment plan. The unstable, carbonization-mediated ablation behaviour of 1070 nm light and the unknown initial geometry of bone leads to unpredictable ablation which substantially limits the depth accuracy of open-loop cutting. However, even with such a non-ideal cutting laser, we demonstrate that ICI provides in situ high-speed feedback that automatically and accurately limits the laser’s cut depth to effectively create an all-optical analogue to the mechanical mill.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides images at near histological resolution, which allows for the identification
of micron sized morphological tissue structures. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) measures tissue displacement
and utilizes the high resolution of OCT to generate high-resolution stiffness maps. In this work, we explored the
potential of measuring shear wave propagation using OCE. A swept-source OCT system was used in this study. The laser
had a center wavelength of 1310 nm and a bandwidth of ~110 nm. The lateral resolution was approximately 13 μm in
the samples. Acoustic radiation force was applied to two different phantoms using a 20 MHz circular 8.5 mm diameter
piezoelectric transducer element (PZT, f-number 2.35) transmitting sine-wave bursts of 400 μs. The first phantom consisted
of a 355 μm glass sphere (dark) embedded in gelatin that was used to characterize the ultrasound pushing beam.
The second consisted of gelatin mixed with titanium dioxide, which provided uniform acoustic and optical scattering.
The OCT signal from this second set of phantoms was used for the measurement of the shear wave speed and viscosity.
For both sets of experiments phase analysis was applied to B-mode and M-mode OCT images which were obtained
while the ultrasound transducer was generating the "push" in the phantom. The experiments are the first step towards
imaging shear wave propagation in tissue and characterization of tissue mechanical properties using OCE, with the eventual
goal of developing OCE as a diagnostic tool for the assessment of pathological lesions with different mechanical
tissue property.
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