Most variable spherical aberration generators have differential moving components or floating elements, much like a regular zoom lens but with insignificantly small overall magnification change over the "zoom" range. The main purpose of the differential movements is to generate a variable amount of spherical aberration (SA). Such aberration generators can be used as standalone systems for aberration control or as subsystems for aberration compensation. The theory can also be applied to macro focusing mechanism as well as soft-focus mechanism. This paper presents a survey of different variable SA generation mechanisms. Examples of some applications of the theory are presented.
In any zoom lens, individual zoom groups experience both image and pupil magnification changes during zooming. Deliberate aberration can be introduced into zoom groups to produce an overall compensatory effect over the zoom range. When using a modular design approach, in which lens groups are designed independently, one has to take into account pupil matching among zoom groups. This is analogous to the design of relay optical systems. In a zoom lens, pupil matching becomes a dynamic problem. Perfect pupil matching among zoom groups in theory cannot be maintained for a continuum of zoom positions. With the deliberate introduction of pupil aberration on the group level, compensatory effects can be obtained and a more desirable pupil match can be achieved, resulting in better stability of system image performance over the zoom range. This paper presents a systematic explanation on how pupil spherical aberration can be used in controlling residual system distortion in zoom lenses. The study involves "black box" lens modules design with the help of computer ray trace program.
This paper describes an online noncontact metrology system for tool misalignment detection on the Opticam spherical surface generator. The system detects distortion due to surface errors in the reflected image of a bar target. The amount of image distortion is determined by the relative slope changes on the test surface, and it can be calculated as a phase function of the reflected image. The phase function can be used to determine surface slope variation of the test part, and this slope information can be used to determine the cutting tool misalignment in the Opticam system.
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