The Unzen geothermal field, our study area is active fumaroles, situated in Shimabara Peninsula of Kyushu Island in
Japan. Our prime objectives were (1) to estimate radiative heat flux (RHF), (2) to calculate approximately heat discharge
rate (HDR) using the relationship of radiative heat flux with the total heat loss derived from two geothermal field studies
and (3) finally, to monitor RHF as well as HDR in our study area using seven sets of Landsat 7 ETM+ images from 2000
to 2009. We used the NDVI (Normalized differential vegetation index) method for spectral emissivity estimation, the
mono-window algorithm for land surface temperature (LST) and the Stefan-Boltzmann equation analyzing those satellite
TIR images for RHF. We obtained a desired strong correlation of LST above ambient with RHF using random samples.
We estimated that the maximum RHF was about 251 W/m2 in 2005 and minimum was about 27 W/m2 in 2001. The
highest total RHF was about 39.1 MW in 2005 and lowest was about 12 MW in 2001 in our study region. We discovered
that the estimated RHF was about 15.7 % of HDR from our studies. We applied this percentage to estimate heat
discharge rate in Unzen geothermal area. The monitoring results showed a single fold trend of HDR from 2000 to 2009
with highest about 252 MW in 2005 and lowest about 78 MW in 2001. In conclusion, TIR remote sensing is thought as
the best option for monitoring heat losses from fumaroles with high efficiency and low cost.
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