We study the second-order nonlinear optical properties of several 2D materials through second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG). SHG signals from 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) pumped at multiple fundamental wavelengths are measured and compared with theoretical analysis. We also use polarization-resolved second harmonic generation to characterize 2D materials and explore their biological applications. Using a narrow-band femtosecond laser beam and a supercontinuum, we measure the SFG of TMDs to characterize their second-order nonlinear susceptibility over a range of wavelengths.
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), such as WS2 and MoS2, have been shown to exhibit large second order optical nonlinearity due to their non-centrosymmetric crystalline symmetry in few odd- and mono-layers, and resonance enhancement. Here we study the second-order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D TMDs through second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG). Using a wavelength-tunable femtosecond laser, we can characterize SHG of TMDs to obtain the second-order nonlinear susceptibility at multiple wavelengths. Along with the experimental studies, theoretical investigation of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility is also performed. With this we explore the estimation of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D TMD layered materials based on their first-order susceptibility through the experimental and theoretical verification of Miller’s Rule for these materials. Additionally, we characterize the second-order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D TMD alloys through the SFG spectroscopy.
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