High-repetition-pulse-rate nanosecond laser system is developed. It is based on Raman lasers with barium nitrate and
KGW crystals. The minimum Raman threshold of laser generation corresponds to only 0.2-0.4 kW of peak pumping
power. The laser system generates the radiation at 22 wavelengths in the 280-1600 nm spectral range with average
powers from several mW to 1.4 W. The maximum Raman conversion efficiency reaches 40 %. The minimum spectral
width of the generated radiation is equal to 0.1 cm-1. This laser system can be used for spectroscopy studies, medicine,
and for other applications.
Raman lasers on barium nitrate crystal pumped with the radiation of nanosecond LiF:F2 laser and its second harmonic have been developed and optimized. As a result, using simple and cheap all-solid-state laser technique the continuously tunable radiation of the first, second, and third Stokes components of stimulated Raman scattering of LiF laser radiation with maximum conversion efficiencies of about 35, 28, and 10%, respectively, was obtained in the spectral range between 1240 and 1800 nm. Using the second harmonic radiation for pumping barium nitrate allowed us to generate the continuously tunable radiation of its first and second Stokes components in 594-682 nm range with maximum conversion efficiencies of approximately 40-45 and 10-15%, respectively.
Barium nitrate crystal are studied using one- and two-beam Z-scan techniques by excitation with the second harmonic radiation of nanosecond Nd:YAG laser and probing with the cw He:Ne laser. For the first time, a thermal lens due to the dissipation of energy of the SRS-excited Ag vibrational mode to the heat is observed and measured.
KEYWORDS: Molecules, Anisotropy, Picosecond phenomena, Diffusion, Signal detection, Polarization, Laser beam diagnostics, Spectroscopy, Four wave mixing, Chemical elements
Transient spectroscopy technique based on correlation properties of the second harmonic of nanosecond Nd:YAG-laser and its first Stokes component from stimulated-Raman- scattering generator was applied for studying orientational diffusion of Cu-octaethylporphyrin and Cu-tetraphenylporphyrin dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and toluene.
The pair correlations between the instantaneous intensities of input pump superbroadband (250 cm-1) laser radiation with femtosecond and picosecond noise structures, output depleted pump radiation and Stokes one generated through stimulated Raman scattering in compressed hydrogen have been experimentally studied under the weak and strong pump depletion by means of time-delayed four-wave mixing in Kerr-shutter configuration. Experimental results show that the Stokes radiation is well correlated with the input pump one up to the energy conversion efficiency of about 30%. Considerable suppression of the femtosecond amplitude fluctuations in the depleted pump beam has been observed upon increasing the pump depletion that indicates the possible way for preparing superbroadband light with predominant phase fluctuations using SRS. The picosecond part of cross-correlation function between the depleted pump and Stokes radiation flows has very asymmetric shape that is probably caused by the transiency in the scattering of picosecond noise spikes and by the fact that these spikes in Stokes and depleted pump radiation flows have opposite temporal shapes.
Transient hole-burning and free induction decay (FID) in low-temperature ion-doped crystals are studied consistently using the model of two jump processes Ut equals Ut1 + Ut2 characterized by essentially different jump rates v1 >> v2 and distribution widths (sigma) 1 << (sigma) 2 for the impurity ion optical transition frequency fluctuations Ut due to the bulk and the frozen core spin flipping. At short pump/probe pulsewidth T and short delay time (tau) d ((tau) d, T << v2-1) the calculated hole shape is narrow with the hole width determined by Ut1 process characteristics only. The hole width in this case coincides with the calculated FID rate. At long delay (tau) d >= v2-1 the hole becomes a wide lorentzian with the halfwidth 2(sigma) 2. The theory fits well the experimental data by A. Szabo et. al. on narrow hole burning and FID in ruby under low and high magnetic fields supposing the fluctuations Ut1 to be rather slow ((sigma) 21/v21 equals 0.5).
In the last few years radiation sources on the basis of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have been sufficiently widely used in spectroscopy. Of great importance therein are high efficiency of radiation conversion to one, usually first Stokes (FSC) or anti-Stokes (FASC) component of SRS, small divergency of converted radiation flux, stability of reproduction of its energy and time characteristics. SRS is a process of amplification of quantum noises. Therefore, quantum noise is one of the sources of fluctuation of temporal, energy, and spectral parameters of converted light. The stability of SRS radiation pulses is strongly influenced by fluctuations of laser radiation parameters. The design features of Raman shifters and properties of scattering medium influence SRS efficiency and converted flux divergency. As a result, fluctuations of converted radiation parameters can reach dozens percent, radiation divergency can be about 10-2 rad, and efficiency of SRS-conversion to one component doesn't usually exceed 10 divided by 20%. In our paper results on experimental study of SRS regimes and geometrical factors influence on statistical properties (fluctuations of energy and instantaneous intensity) of pulses of forward, backward FSC, FASC of SRS and depleted pump as well as on efficiency of SRS process are briefly presented. On the basis of the investigations made we discuss the ways of creating SRS-based radiation sources with high quantum efficiencies (>= 70%) of conversion into FSC, close to diffraction divergency (approximately equals 0.5 mrad) of converted flux and high stability (variation coefficient <EQ 6%) of energy parameters
The application of two-color incoherent cross-correlation spectroscopy to study ultrafast processes in organic liquids and solutions is discussed. This kind of time-resolved spectroscopy is based on using two broadband correlated pulses of long duration with different central frequencies. Its time resolution is determined by the cross-correlation time of the intensities of used radiations. The statistical properties of the radiations have been investigated. The developed technique allowed us to perform kinetic measurements with femtosecond resolution on the ordinary nanosecond laser spectrometer modifying it in a comparatively simple way. The present technique was demonstrated and tested by studying subpicosecond Kerr dynamics in a number of organic liquids and their mixtures. An approach is also proposed to study the population relaxation of electronic and vibronic states of organic molecules including non-luminescent ones.
The application is discussed of saturation resonance Raman technique with nanosecond lasers both in spontaneous and coherent regimes to the investigations of the excited states of metalloporphyrins. It is shown that saturation technique enables us to obtain new information about transient states, additional to the data of direct kinetic measurements. For nickel octaethylporphyrin (OEP) complex, we present spectroscopic evidences for the population of the higher excited electronic state, presumably of the 1B1g origin. For CuOEP dissolved in a number of oxygen (O)-containing solvents, the existence of fast channel of relaxation via the excited charge-transfer (CT) state is also proven on the basis of saturation Raman data. To explain the observed transformations in transient Raman spectra under variation of excitation power, simulations of the population redistribution processes in both systems are performed using quasi-stationary rate equations approach. The advantages of resonance coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (RCARS) over spontaneous resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy is proven unambiguously in such type of investigations.
The steady interest to the metalloporphyrins having the central metal with unfilled d-electronic shell is caused
by the rich variety of photoinduced chemical-physical processes they participate in and by the possibility to model
on their basis the behavior of native biological systems.
From the photophysical point of view, copper porphyrins (Cu-P) have two distinct peculiarities, associated with
the presence of a Cu ion:
1) The unpaired electron to the d2_2 orbital of copper (II) ion couples with the normal porphyrin (ir, ir*) excited
states, this "allows" the nonradiative transition 2S ...+ 2T1 with the rate constant of over 1013 1 resulting in the
absence of fluorescence from the Si state.
2) A charge-transfer (CT) state lies close in energy above T1 in noncoordinating solvents (benzene, toluene) and
is thermally accessible, that causes the relatively short relaxation time from T1 (10-100 ns) at room temperature.
The processes of formation of complexes between Cu-P in the ground and excited T1 states and nitrogen-
containing molecules (pyridine, piperidine) have been studied by picosecond absorption spectroscopy.' We have
observed for the first time the phenomenon of the oxygen-containing solvents influence on the energy relaxation
processes in excited Cu-P. The comprehensive study of this effect is presented.
We present the results of the study of orientational relaxation of complex molecules on solutions, by means of
degenerate four-wave mixing (three-wave mixing -TWM) of low-coherent "noise" laser light. This technique, where
the time resolution is governed by the correlation time r, instead of the time duration of the light sources, has been
applied for studying transient phenomena.'4 The correlation time of broad-band non-transform limited laser pulses
can be short enough provide subpicosecond time resolution when studying the dynamics of physical processes.
The steady interest in metalloporphyrins (Me-P) which have a central metal with an unfilled d-electronic shell
is due to the rich variety of photoinduced physico-chemical processes they participate in, and by the possibility of
modelling on the basis of them, the behavior of related native biological complexes.
Me-Ps with an unfilled d-shell of the central atom have typical two-band absorption spectra in the ground electronic
state: intense Soret or B band in the near UV and less intense Q band in the visible. According to Gouterman's fourorbital
model,' the Me-P absorption spectrum arises from the promotion of ir-electrons from the highest occupied
molecular orbitals a, , a2 to the lowest unoccupied orbitals e of the porphyrin conjugated macrocycle. The a,
and a2 orbitals are quasi-degenerate and the electron excited configurations e have the same symmetry. That is
why there is a strong mixing between the two orbital excitations a, -e and a, - e due to the configurational
interaction via the electron-electron repulsion, resulting in a two-band absorption spectrum.
The effect of the central atom is interpreted in this model as a perturbation of the ir-states of the porphyrin ring.
The perturbation is largely determined by the electrons of the unfilled shells of the metal ion (e.g. the md'-shell).
This effect is quite pronounced for the ground electronic state, nevertheless the interactions of excited ir-electronic
configurations with d-electron ones cause more dramatic changes in the spectroscopic properties of Me-P excited
states. New low-lying excited states are possible: the charge-transfer (CT) levels related to the electrodensity
transfering from the ring a, , a2 to the d-orbitals of central metal (ir-d states) or from the d-orbitals to the ring
e(d - ir states), and (d - d) levels bound up with the d-electron excitations. The present paper deals with the
investigations of porphyrin metallocomplexes with nickel (Ni-P) and copper (Cu-P) having electron configurations
3d8 and 3d9 , respectively.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.