Since conventional techniques using periodontal probes have inherent drawbacks in the diagnosis of different grades of gingival inflammation, development of noninvasive screening devices becomes significant. Diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra recorded with white light illumination is utilized to detect periodontal inflammation from the oxygenated hemoglobin absorption ratio R620/R575. A multispectral imaging system is utilized to record narrow-band DR images at 575 and 620 nm from the anterior sextant of the gingivia of 15 healthy volunteers and 25 patients (N=40 ). An experienced periodontist assesses the level of gingival inflammation at each site through periodontal probing and assigns diagnosis as healthy, mild, moderate, or severe inflammation. The DR image ratio R620/R575 computed for each pixel (8-µm resolution) from the monochrome images is pseudo-color-mapped to identify gingival inflammation sites. The DR image ratio values at each site are compared with clinical diagnosis to estimate the specificity and sensitivity of the DR imaging technique in inflammation mapping. The high diagnostic accuracy is utilized to detect underlying inflammation in six patients with a previous history of periodontitis.
In clinical diagnostic procedures, gingival inflammation is considered as the initial stage of periodontal breakdown. This
is often detected clinically by bleeding on probing as it is an objective measure of inflammation. Since conventional
diagnostic procedures have several inherent drawbacks, development of novel non-invasive diagnostic techniques
assumes significance. This clinical study was carried out in 15 healthy volunteers and 25 patients to demonstrate the
applicability of diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy for quantification and discrimination of various stages of
inflammatory conditions in periodontal disease. The DR spectra of diseased lesions recorded using a point monitoring
system consisting of a tungsten halogen lamp and a fiber-optic spectrometer showed oxygenated hemoglobin absorption
dips at 545 and 575 nm. Mean DR spectra on normalization shows marked differences between healthy and different
stages of gingival inflammation. Among the various DR intensity ratios investigated, involving oxy Hb absorption peaks,
the R620/R575 ratio was found to be a good parameter of gingival inflammation. In order to screen the entire diseased
area and its surroundings instantaneously, DR images were recorded with an EMCCD camera at 620 and 575 nm. We
have observed that using the DR image intensity ratio R620/R575 mild inflammatory tissues could be discriminated
from healthy with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 93%, and from moderate with a sensitivity of 83% and
specificity of 96%. The sensitivity and specificity obtained between moderate and severe inflammation are 82% and 76%
respectively.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.