Optical switches made with Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology bear advantages of both MEMS and traditional optics. It is of very importance to control position misalignments and angular misalignments, which have heavy effects on insertion loss of the MEMS optical switches. In this paper, a 4×4 MEMS optical matrix switches is proposed, in which on-off micro-mirrors are arranged with Crossbar switching network. Ball-lensed single-mode optical fiber collimators are used as input and output ports. With overlap integral calculus theory of Gaussian beams coupling, the insertion loss of the optical matrix switches, and also its main origins, i.e. the position misalignments and the angular misalignments, are calculated and analyzed. Some useful conclusions are drawn to guide designing such devices. As for the misalignments tolerances: 2μm of input/output lateral positioning misalignment, 0.15°for input/output angular misalignment, and 0.15°for micro-mirror angular misalignment, the insertion loss of the pilot study are 2.77dB for the highest value.
In this paper, a kind of free-space optical switch based on polarization was proposed. Its operation principle was described in detail. Based on this method, some basic types of optical switches were presented, such as 1 X 2, 2 X 1 and 2 X 2 optical switches. Then, taken as an example, the 1 X 2 type was tested to give the experiment performance of this kind of free-space optical switch based on polarization. Its insertion loss was less than 3 dB, crosstalk between different channels were as low as -32 dB, and its switching time was about 2 ms. It showed that this kind of optical switches could be well used in OADM for optical networks protection and reconfigurration. Also its disadvantages were discussed at the end of this paper.
A 4 X 4 optical switch performing bi-directional crossbar switching on optical communication signals at 1550 nm is presented and experimented. This switch is expanded from several elementary 1 X 2 optical switches. The switch is made of bulk passive components. Operation is totally polarization independent. The proposed free-space architecture has the features of high compactness, reliability and fast response time compared with common switching solutions.
KEYWORDS: Switching, Asynchronous transfer mode, Optical interconnects, Solar concentrators, Interfaces, Computer simulations, Optoelectronics, Electronic components, Signal processing, Free space optics
A growable multistage ATM switching architecture based on optical interconnect is presented in this paper. The interconnect stage, core of the 3 stages architecture, is composed of 16 by 16 CMOS-SEED optoelectronical hybrid ATM switching modules. Since the interconnect stage is memory- less, electronic buffers are provided in the output concentrator stage, and the buffers are partial shared to be used effectively. Optical interconnects between the pair- input expansion stage and the interconnect stage, also the interconnect stage and the output concentrator stage provide high-speed data paths, for example 622Mb/s or 2.4 Gb/s. Both the with lower speed control signal and the complicated logical processing are carried out in the electronic devices. With 64 ports of OC-12 interface, the maximum throughput of the prototype system is about 40 gigabits per second, an the packet loss ratio of this ATM switching system is less than 10e-9. Taking advantages of high speed of the optical interconnect and the high density, flexible logical processing of the electronic devices, the ATM switching of the optical interconnect and the high density, flexible logical processing of the electronic devices, the ATM switching system has favorable potential to scale easily to very large network size, for example 256 ports of OC-48 interface.
An optoelectronic switching network with 2-D optical fiber bundle arrays I/O access device is presented in this paper. An optoelectronic recirculating Banyan network based on CMOS/SEED smart pixel device is used in this configuration. Thirty-two X two single-mode fiber bundle array and 32 X 2 multi- mode fiber bundle array are fabricated respectively based on the features of high density, high precision and array permutation of the CMOS/SEED optoelectronic integrated devices. The measuring results show that the center to center spacing between adjacent optical fibers in the same layer of the fiber array is 125 micrometer, and the spacing between adjacent layers is 500 micrometer. Displacing tolerance of the fiber bundle arrays is less than 2 micrometer and the angular tilt error is less than 0.02 degree.
A 16 X 16 Crossover photonic switching network with hybrid integrated CMOS/SEED smart pixel device and 2D optical fiber bundle array I/O access device is reported in this paper. SEEd array devices ar used as light receivers and transmitters, while CMOS devices make efficient logical processing. 4 X 40 2D multilayer optical fiber bundle arrays are fabricated and are used as I/O access devices in the crossover photonic switching network. The center to center spacing between adjacent optical fibers in the same layer of the fiber array is 125micrometers , and the spacing between adjacent layers is 250micrometers . Displacing tolerance of the fiber bundle arrays is less than 4 micrometers and the angular tilt error is less than 0.03 degree. It has the feature of high density, high precision, array permutation and easy to couple with 2D CMOS/SEED smart pixel device.
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