As more and more cameras are used for machine perception, the optical design process still relies on key indicators such as point spread function (PSF), modulated transfer unction (MTF) based on aberration minimization. This process has proven efficient for human vision but is not tailored for machine perception. Given a specific computer vision task, it is not always necessary to target the same key performance indicators (KPIs) than when images are visualized by humans. Moreover, this image quality might change during a camera lifespan with the appearance of defocus for example. It is crucial to be able to determine how this kind of degradation can affect a computer vision task. In this work we study the impact of defocus on 2D object identification and show that, for a certain design, it is not impacted by image degradation under a certain threshold. We also demonstrate that this threshold is higher for lower f-number which makes them better design candidates.
Optical design process consists in minimizing aberrations using optimization methods. It relies on key performance indicators (KPIs), such as point spread function (PSF), Modulated transfer function (MTF), or relative illumination (RI) and spot sizes, that depend on lens elements aberrations. Their target values need to be defined -either for human or machine perception- at early stage of the design, which can be complex to do for challenging designs such as extended field of view. We developed an optical and imaging simulation pipeline able to render the effects of complex optical designs and image sensor on an initial aberration-free image. Extracting files from ray tracing software for simulating the PSF and sensor target information, the algorithm accurately renders off-axis aberrations with Zernike polynomials representation combined with noise contribution and relative illumination. The obtained image faithfully represents an optical system performance from the optics to the sensor component and we can then study the impact of additional aberration introduction.
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