Designing a pure phase multifunctional diffractive optical element (M-DOE) is a challenging task, as the regular summation of multiple pure phase functions results in a complex function. One of the widely used multiplexing methods to design a pure phase M-DOE is the random multiplexing method. In this method, different pure phase functions are multiplied to mutually exclusive binary random functions before summation. However, M-DOEs designed using the random multiplexing method are prone to scattering noise. In this study, a novel approach based on a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (GSA) has been proposed and demonstrated for the design of pure-phase multifunctional DOEs. In this approach, the complex M-DOE obtained by regular summation is used as a reference, and with suitable constraints, the amplitude component of the complex M-DOE is transported into the phase component, resulting in a pure phase MDOE. This modified algorithm is called Transport of Amplitude into Phase based on GSA (TAP-GSA). This method has been demonstrated on a well-established incoherent digital holography technique called Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH). In FINCH, it is necessary to multiplex two-phase masks, which can be achieved using random multiplexing or polarization multiplexing, resulting in reconstruction noise and low light throughput, respectively. Under low-light conditions, random multiplexing is a better choice than the polarization multiplexing method. The M-DOE designed using TAP-GSA for FINCH improved the light throughput and exhibited a higher SNR in comparison to the random multiplexing method.
A 4D computational incoherent imaging technique using accelerating Airy beams (A2-beams) and nonlinear reconstruction (NLR) has been developed. The phase mask was designed as a binary version for the generation of a sparse random array of A2-beams. The imaging process consist of three steps. In the first step a 4D point spread function (PSF) was recorded at different wavelengths and depths. In the next step, a multicolor, multiplane object was loaded and a single camera shot was recorded. Finally, the 4D information of the object was reconstructed by processing the object intensity distribution and 4D PSFs. The simulation results for the imaging concept are presented.
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