The abovementioned authors are named on behalf of their respective groups.
The recent rediscovery of the “Flash Effect” revived the interest in high and ultra-high dose-rate radiation effects throughout the radiobiology community, promising protection of normal tissue, while simultaneously not altering tumour control. Systematic preclinical studies at (modified) clinical accelerators resulted in a recipe of necessary beam parameters for the induction of electron Flash effect (doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.01563), whereas for protons the optimal parameter setting is still under investigation. Expanding the clinical parameter range the “Dresden platform for high-dose rate radiobiology” enables electron and proton experiments with dose rates of up to 109 Gy/s and more flexible beam pulse structures. The general applicability of these beams for radiobiological studies was proven with zebrafish embryos a simple but robust normal tissue in vivo model. Overall, the analysis of the induced radiation effects reveal a clear normal tissue protecting Flash effect for ultra-high dose rate electron and proton beams relative to their conventional beam delivery.
The planned laser-driven ionizing beams (photon, very high energy electron, proton, carbon ion) at laser facilities have the unique property of ultra-high dose rate (>Gy/s-10), short pulses, and at ELI-ALPS high repetition rate, carry the potential to develop novel laser-driven methods towards compact hospital-based clinical application. The enhanced flexibility in particle and energy selection, the high spatial and time resolution and extreme dose rate could be highly beneficial in radiotherapy. These approaches may increase significantly the therapeutic index over the currently available advanced radiation oncology methods. We highlight two nuclear reactionbased binary modalities and the planned radiobiology research. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy is an advanced cell targeted modality requiring 10B enriched boron carrier and appropriate neutron beam. The development of laser-based thermal and epithermal neutron source with as high as 1010 fluence rate could enhance the research activity in this promising field. Boron-Proton Fusion reaction is as well as a binary approach, where 11B containing compounds are accumulated into the cells, and the tumour selectively irradiated with protons. Due to additional high linear energy transfer alpha particle release of the BPFR and the maximum point of the Bragg-peak is increased, which result in significant biological effect enhancement. Research at ELI-ALPS on detection of biological effect differences of modified or different quality radiation will be presented using recently developed zebrafish embryo and rodent models.
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