Vulvar skin, distinct from other areas, undergoes changes due to aging, causing symptoms like dryness and itchiness. While much research focuses on facial or forearm skin, vulva skin properties are underexplored. This study uses an in-house developed fiber-based Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) system to assess vulva skin changes in 100 women. This objective evaluation includes analyzing tissue chromophores—water, lipid, oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin providing insights into moisture content, lipid levels, oxygen saturation, and blood fraction. DRS, compared to invasive methods, achieved a 65% accuracy in estimating estrogen levels, suggesting its potential for objective diagnosis and monitoring of genitourinary skin conditions.
We introduce a compact, non-contact multimodal imaging platform that integrates ultrasound (US) imaging, inclusive of photoacoustic (PA) detection, with optical coherence tomography (OCT). This integration is achieved through a novel virtual acoustic detector array (VADA) technique for all-optical US sensing, utilizing the temporal and spatial resolving capabilities of swept-source optical interferometry. The technique extracts US signals from the phase time evolution of a swept-source OCT's spectral sweep. It enables the virtual construction of the VADA along both lateral and depth directions on the imaging target for non-contact detection of acoustic waves from surrounding US sources. The platform's high-speed scanning (MHz OCT A-scan rate) and ultra-sensitive phase detection (nm displacement sensitivity) allow for the customization of the spatial density of the VADA and the collection of wideband acoustic signals, which are essential for the reconstruction of US images. In our pilot study, we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of this technique. We used a conventional US transducer as an acoustic source. The acoustic field distribution within the imaging target and the morphology and position of the piezoelectric layer were successfully reconstructed, which is based on US waveforms obtained from the VADA.
Auretek is the first of its kind portable Confocal Raman Spectroscopy (CRS) system equipped with fiber based handheld probe, that cascades dual-wavelength lasers. With its flexible probe, Auretek can acquire CRS data of skin from various parts of the human body with depth profiling. A clinical study was conducted to investigate the effects of ceramide-based moisturizer (CBM) on skin physiology and biochemistry. Quantitative skin component characterization in different epidermal layers was done with spectral unmixing analysis of the CRS data. Even though the analysis revealed a significant increase in ceramide content on the side of CBM application, the increase was in the layers within the stratum corneum.
Confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) technology has wide applications, especially in the biomedical field. CRS provides non-destructive, contrast-free and molecule-specific quantitative measurement of samples, including biological tissues. These advantages make it ideal for human skin characterization. We present a portable dual-wavelength CRS system with a handheld measurement probe which connected to the console by optical fibers. To achieve fast switching between the two wavelengths, a fast 2-to-1 fiber array multiplexing module was used. A large bandwidth could be covered at each measurement point in real time. We performed system characterization for this proposed CRS system and measured different samples.
Yunqi Luo, Huanhao Li, Ruochong Zhang, Puxiang Lai, and Yuanjin Zheng "Deep learning assisted optical wavefront shaping in disordered medium", Proc. SPIE 10886, Adaptive Optics and Wavefront Control for Biological Systems V, 1088612 (20 February 2019); doi: 10.1117/12.2504425
was published on 17 April 2019.
Details of the revision are provided in the text that accompanies this Erratum. The original paper has been updated.
In this paper, a new imaging modality, named photoacoustic resonance imaging (PARI), is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Being distinct from conventional single nanosecond laser pulse induced wideband PA signal, the proposed PARI method utilizes multi-burst modulated laser source to induce PA resonant signal with enhanced signal strength and narrower bandwidth. Moreover, imaging contrast could be clearly improved than conventional single-pulse laser based PA imaging by selecting optimum modulation frequency of the laser source, which originates from physical properties of different materials beyond the optical absorption coefficient. Specifically, the imaging steps is as follows: 1: Perform conventional PA imaging by modulating the laser source as a short pulse to identify the location of the target and the background. 2: Shine modulated laser beam on the background and target respectively to characterize their individual resonance frequency by sweeping the modulation frequency of the CW laser source. 3: Select the resonance frequency of the target as the modulation frequency of the laser source, perform imaging and get the first PARI image. Then choose the resonance frequency of the background as the modulation frequency of the laser source, perform imaging and get the second PARI image. 4: subtract the first PARI image from the second PARI image, then we get the contrast-enhanced PARI results over the conventional PA imaging in step 1. Experimental validation on phantoms have been performed to show the merits of the proposed PARI method with much improved image contrast.
KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Signal detection, Optical filters, Electronic filtering, In vivo imaging, Photoacoustic imaging, Ultrasonography, Biomedical optics, Sensing systems
Sensitive detection is always crucial to photoacoustic sensing and imaging applications owing to the extremely low conversion efficiency from light to sound. Conventional approach to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the photoacoustic signal is data averaging, which is quite time-consuming due to multiple data acquisitions for each photoacoustic measurement. Especially for high power pulsed laser source with only 10-20 pulse repetition rate, multiple data averaging will severely degrade the frame rate. In this paper, we present a simple but efficient way, called adaptive coherent photoacoustic (aCPA) sensing to obviously enhance the detected signal SNR with only single laser pulse. More specifically, The proposed aCPA employs an adaptive matched filter to cross-correlate with the raw time-domain PA signal iteratively. The optimum matched filter could be found after several iterations, leading to improved signal SNR. In vivo experimental results show that the proposed aCPA method improved the signal SNR by about 60 dB with single PA measurement. In conventional data averaging, 106 times PA measurements is required to achieve same SNR improvement. In other words, sensing and imaging speed is improved by 106 times in theory. It demonstrates the potential of aCPA to perform highly sensitive photoacoustic sensing and imaging with significantly accelerated speed.
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