Two-dimensional (2-D) square lattice (SL) photonic crystals (PCs) are fabricated and their optical/electro-optical
properties are studied. The PCs are based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) that are formed using twobeam
interference with double-exposures. The PC structure that is observed using a scanning electron microscope
(SEM) matches with the calculated interference pattern. The results of optical/electro-optical studies demonstrate
that superprism and negative refraction effects occur at certain incident angles over a range of frequencies, and are
consistent with the simulated ones. Moreover, the negative refraction efficiency is electrically controllable.
This paper proposes an optically tunable focal intensity microlens array (MLA) by using a focusing unit with
birefringent liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and a tuning unit with photoalignment for controlling the polarization state
of the incident light. Due to the different refractive indices of LCP, it acts as a positive or negative microlens with
respect to the polarization state. The resultant tunable focal intensity MLA shows the fast optical switching time without
voltage and the multi-stable characteristics.
This work studies the biphotonic effect in samples that are cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) doped with azo-C5. The
experimental results show that the photo-isomerization of azo-C5 not only changes the clearing point of the sample, but
also shifts the reflection band that is associated with the planar texture. Additionally, azo dye-doped CLCs (DDCLCs)
have bi-stable or tri-stable states, as determined by the ambient temperature. Photo-switching between these bi-stable/tristable
states is systematically studied. The result indicates that photo-addressing one of these states (planar, focal conic,
and isotropic states) using a low- or high-intensity Ar+ laser beam is feasible. The results thus obtained are used to
fabricate a photo-rewritable DDCLC display.
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