In this paper, authors propose a method for determining middle (4-7) and high (8-10) Cu amount using an unshaded pyranometer data and provide examples of its determination.
The WRF predictive model was used to recreate a variety of situations with severe weather phenomena (hurricanes, heavy rainfall, cold frost, etc.). This paper examines two cases in the region of Western Siberia with severe weather phenomena over the past two years. The first case is a situation with detection of a large temperature gradient in the lower atmosphere during the development of abnormally early thunderstorms and squalls on April 29–30, 2019. The second case is a situation with detection of a large area of anomalous cold wave in the territory of Western Siberia on December 25–26, 2020. In both cases, simulations have identified the main factors leading to the occurrence of these phenomena. Comparison of modeling results with the observed data showed good agreement for the main meteorological parameters.
KEYWORDS: Climate change, Climatology, Atmospheric optics, Atmospheric physics, Troposphere, System on a chip, Earth's atmosphere, Planets, Data centers, Ocean optics
Subtropical jet stream is a narrow stream of strong wind at 200-hPa level, characterized by large vertical and horizontal wind shift and one or more maxima speed, reaching values of 70-100 m/s. The subtropical jet stream is located on the border of the "warm" and "medium" temperature zones in the Southern Hemisphere. The average annual trend of wind speed of the Southern subtropical jet stream is significant and is equal -0.47±0.10 m/s per decade. The subtropical jet stream is shifting southward (0.87°S ±0.08°S per decade) in the Southern Hemisphere.
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